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Respond in one or more of the following ways:Ask a probing question.Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.Offer and support an opinion.Validate an idea with your own experience.Make a suggestion.Expand on your colleague’s posting.Please view the example before you start!Please include at least one references in the response. Post 1 (Write a 50-100 words response) Social Issues, Social Change Implications, and Applications of Attitude and Attitude Change ResearchFor this discussion I have chosen the social issue of racial bias. The United States is a very diverse country composed of individuals of various races and nationalities. Some portions of the United States are very excepting of these various races, while there are other portions of the United States that are more biased and seem to discriminate and degrade individuals belonging to different races and nationalities than that of their own. This issue is something that definitely needs attention because we are all created equal and deserve the same level of respect as one another.To address the issue of racial bias, one theory within attitude change that I would try to use would be the Self-Perception Theory. The Self- Perception Theory essentially says that individuals create attitudes based on their preexisting behaviors (David, 2015, para. 1). With that being said, individuals that have no preexisting positive or negative attitude toward racial bias may obtain an attitude after acknowledging how they behave when in contact with individuals belonging to a race or nationality different than their own. In this instance, it would be beneficial to use this information to encourage individuals to create positive relationships with members of different races and nationalities so that these individuals would therefore obtain a positive and accepting attitude towards individuals of differing race and nationality.Cognitive Dissonance is another theory that I feel would be beneficial to eliminating racial bias. Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual experiences an imbalance in their attitudes and behaviors (McLeod, 2018, para. 1). For example, if an individual holds a negative preexisting attitude towards individuals of differing race and nationality, and are placed in a situation where they must treat individuals of differing races with respect, this may cause the individual to experience cognitive dissonance and incline them to change their negative attitude towards racial bias to becoming a more positive attitude, thus allowing them to continue practicing respect towards people of various races and nationalities out of free will.I feel that as a prospective Social Psychologist I could use my knowledge of attitude change as far as persuasion, cognitive dissonance, and self-perception to encourage others to change any negative attitudes towards racial bias into becoming more positive attitudes and therefore making the United States a better, more peaceful, place for everyone to live.David, L. (2015). Self-perception theory (Bem). Learning Theories. Retrieved from http://www.learning-theories.com/self-perception-theory-bem.htmlMcLeod, S. (2018). Cognitive dissonance. SimplyPsychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissona… Post 2 (Write a 50-100 words response) Categorical Data AnalysisCase Processing SummaryCasesValidMissingTotalNPercentNPercentNPercentPOLITICAL PARTY AFFILIATION * SHOULD MARIJUANA BE MADE LEGAL155661.3%98238.7%2538100.0%POLITICAL PARTY AFFILIATION * SHOULD MARIJUANA BE MADE LEGAL CrosstabulationCount SHOULD MARIJUANA BE MADE LEGALTotalLEGALNOT LEGALPOLITICAL PARTY AFFILIATIONSTRONG DEMOCRAT16980249NOT STR DEMOCRAT151109260IND,NEAR DEM13582217INDEPENDENT173137310IND,NEAR REP8075155NOT STR REPUBLICAN8499183STRONG REPUBLICAN49100149OTHER PARTY211233Total8626941556Chi-Square TestsValuedfAsymptotic Significance (2-sided)Pearson Chi-Square59.579a7.000Likelihood Ratio60.1257.000Linear-by-Linear Association41.7901.000N of Valid Cases1556a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.72.Symmetric MeasuresValueApproximate SignificanceNominal by NominalPhi.196.000Cramer’s V.196.000N of Valid Cases1556Summary What is your research question? Do party affiliation influence beliefs relate to the legalization of marijuana?What is the null hypothesis for your question? There is no affect of affiliation on beliefWhat dependent variable was used and how is it measured? Party Affiliation What independent variable is used and how is it measured? Belief of LegalizationIf you found significance, what is the strength of the effect? What our data shows is the stronger affiliation with democratic party a more supported belief that marijuana should be legal. What we produced was a case processing summary of the comparison of political party affiliation and position of whether marijuana should be legalized. Then from that out pup we generated data drawing on crosstabs, Chi-Square and Phi and Cramer’s V. The Chi-Square just indicates if a relationship is present, the Phi and Cramer’s V indicate strength of the relationship. As a result of these two tests we found, that a total of 862 Dems and Reps believe it should be legal and 694 believe it should not. Of that number most voters for legalization are Democrats. The Chi-Square test showed we can reject the null and say there is a relationship, we also see from the Phi Cramer’s a rated .196 value of strength indicated a strong relationship between party affiliation and position on legalization, (Laureate. 2016a).ReferencesLaureate Education (Producer). (2016a). Bivariate categorical tests [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
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