You will use the Enzyme Lab.docx to complete this lab and answer the questions in the document.

Please type your answers to the postlab questions in a separate word document and submit that to Canvas.

You can make your graphs separately, take a picture and upload the photo with your written answer document.

Upload all materials at the same time when you are complete.

You can upload more than one file before you submit your assignment to Canvas. This may mean that you have to email yourself your graph pictures, save them to your device and then upload them.

Enzyme Lab Procedures and Post-lab questions

Purpose

The goal of the following exercise is to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of enzymes. The purpose of part A is to understand how enzymes are influenced by substrate concentration. The purpose of part B is to emphasize the effects that changes in pH can have on enzyme activity.

Task

Follow the instructions provided below to complete the exercise. Contact your instructor as soon as possible if you cannot get the websites to work; alternate arrangements will require some scheduling time!  Please type your answers to the questions in a separate document for the exercise, save it as a Word document, and upload it to Canvas by the due date provided by your instructor.

Student success

Give yourself plenty of time to follow the simulations provided and to analyze the data. This will be reflected in your grade as well as your attention to detail and ability to interpret information.

Procedure:

1. Log-in to the online simulation using the following simulation link:

(https://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078802849/383930/BL_11.html)

1. You may have to make sure that Flash is enabled on your browser.
2. You may have want to turn off the audio for the simulation (look for the Audio button in the bottom right corner and click on it to turn off the sound).
3. Follow the instructions on the left panel (click on the TV screen, click on “information” to read about enzymes). Note: we are starting with the changing substrate concentration experiment first and the changing pH experiment second.
4. In the upper right hand corner of the pup-up window “X” out of the video.

 

2. Part A (the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity):
   7. Make sure the pH for the tubes are all set to pH 7. If necessary, adjust the pH of the tubes with the up/down arrows.
   8. You will “add” a different substrate concentration into each of the test tubes by dragging the weigh paper (white rectangles in front of the “ # g substrate” labels) containing different amounts of substrate to the appropriate test tube; use the following table to properly put in the correct amount of substrate.

 

Test Tube 1	Test Tube 2	Test Tube 3	Test Tube 4	Test Tube 5
0.5 g	1.0 g	2.0 g	4.0 g	8.0 g

 

1. After you have added the substrate to the tubes, you will need to record the data.
2. Click on the computer monitor in left part of the simulation screen and a data table will pop up.
3. For the post lab questions below, you will need to include a graph of the data (Figure 1, second to last page of the lab). Use the amount added (g of substrate) for the x-axis and the outcome of the experiment (number of molecules of product) for the y-axis.
4. After you have your data, click the reset button to return the simulation to base line.

 

3. Part B (the effect of pH on enzyme activity) –
   2. You will be keeping the substrate concentration the same. You may pick whichever amount you want, but my suggestion is to use 2.0 g of substrate.
   3. For this experiment, you will adjust the pH for each test tube. Use the following table to correctly set the pH of each solution.
      1. Use the blue up and down arrows above and below the pH reading to change the pH of the solution in each test tube.
      2. Add a constant amount of substrate to each tube (for example, drag the weigh paper containing 2.0 g substrate to the each test tube).

 

Test Tube 1	Test Tube 2	Test Tube 3	Test Tube 4	Test Tube 5
pH 3	pH 5	pH 7	pH 9	pH 11

 

1. After you have added the substrate to the tubes, you will need to record the data.
2. Click on the computer monitor in left part of the simulation screen and a data table will pop up.
3. Graph the data (Figure 2 at the end of the lab) to include in your post-lab questions.
4. Use the pH of the test tubes for your x-axis and the outcome of the experiment (number of molecules of product) for the y-axis.

 

 

 

Post-Lab Questions for Part 1 and Part 2;

Answer each question in your own words and provide data from the experiment to support your answer where appropriate. You must also make this a separate Word document to turn in.

1. According to the Virtual lab information box;
   1. What are enzymes?
   2. How does an enzyme influence a reaction?
   3. Does an enzyme get used up in the reaction?
2. After analyzing the data for part 1 of this simulation, explain how substrate concentration affects enzyme activity; answer in your own words, be as thorough as possible and make sure to include data from the experiment.
3. Watch the video from the simulation (click on the TV monitor) and read the article from the Kahn academy found here (https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/enzyme-regulation/a/basics-of-enzyme-kinetics-graphs).

Read from the Introduction through the Basic enzyme kinetics graphs section of the hyperlinked Kahn academy article. Answer the following question: how do you explain the data at both 4.0 g and 8.0 g of substrate?

4. Based on what you know about enzyme concentration (Chapter 3 and your class notes), explain what would you expect the graph to look like if you added a higher concentration of enzyme to each test tube while holding both substrate concentration, pH, and temperature constant.
5. After graphing the data for the effect of pH on enzyme concentration (part 2), explain how pH affects enzyme activity. Answer in your own words, be as thorough as possible and make sure to include data from the experiment.
6. Using the data from part 2 of the simulation, answer the following:
   1. Which pH is the most optimal for enzyme activity for this enzyme?
   2. Which pH(s) is/are the least optimal for enzyme activity for this enzyme?
7. Remember that enzymes are proteins.
   1. Which level of protein structure is most affected by pH (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary?)?
   2. How is this reflected in the data? In other words, how can you explain the drop in activity at low and high pH in terms of enzyme structure?
8. This simulation looked only at substrate concentration and pH.
   1. Using what you know about proteins and enzymes, explain how changes in temperature may affect enzyme activity.
   2. If we ran this experiment at 80^o­ C, what affect would that have on the enzyme structure?
9. Include both graphs that you created using the data from the simulation.

 

 

Analyze your enzyme data:

1. Graph your #2 Part A (the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity) data on the following figure. When you are done, submit a picture of your graph.
   1. Use the amount added (g of substrate) for the x-axis and the outcome of the experiment (number of molecules of product) for the y-axis.
   2. Connect the data points with a line so that you can see a trend.
   3. There is only one experiment, so you do not need a legend for this graph.
   4. Give your graph a descriptive title (e.g. “Figure 1. The effect of _____ on _____”).

 

Figure 1.  ____________________

 

 

 

 

 

Analyze your enzyme data:

1. Graph your #3 Part B (the effect of pH on enzyme activity) data on the following figure. When you are done, submit a picture of your graph.

 

1. Use the pH of the test tubes for your x-axis and the outcome of the experiment (number of molecules of product) for the y-axis.
2. Connect the data points with a line so that you can see a trend.
3. There is only one experiment, so you do not need a legend for this graph.
4. Give your graph a descriptive title (e.g. “Figure 2. The effect of _____ on _____”).

 

Figure 2.  ____________________

 

 

What Students Are Saying About Us

.......... Customer ID: 12*** | Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
"Honestly, I was afraid to send my paper to you, but splendidwritings.com proved they are a trustworthy service. My essay was done in less than a day, and I received a brilliant piece. I didn’t even believe it was my essay at first 🙂 Great job, thank you!"

.......... Customer ID: 14***| Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
"The company has some nice prices and good content. I ordered a term paper here and got a very good one. I'll keep ordering from this website."

"Order a Custom Paper on Similar Assignment! No Plagiarism! Enjoy 20% Discount"