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Discuss one effect that the two-party system of the U.S. has on the political interests of American citizens

“The Two-Party System” Please respond to the following:                 150 words…

    • Discuss one effect that the two-party system of the U.S. has on the political interests of American citizens.
    •  Suggest one reason why the two-party system has regulated the emergence and successful contention of a major third party in presidential elections.

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Select at least two democratic principles that you think are promoted by diversity in the workplace and think about how diversity might or does promote them

Diversity in the Workplace

In this week’s Discussion, you thought about democracy in the workplace. For this Assignment, you will consider how democratic principles in the workplace are related to and might be promoted by diversity. Diversity has different meanings; the particular meaning held by an organization may shape that organization in a variety of ways. Most organizations profess to value diversity in the workforce, and employers view the variety of talents and ideas that a diverse labor pool brings to the job as an economic asset. Diversity may, however, produce more than just economic benefits for an organization. One way to better understand diversity is to think about which aspects of diversity are related to democratic principles. Another way to approach diversity is to look at which democratic principles are promoted in your own organization through diversity. As you consider the concept of diversity, take note of underlying aspects that may advance democracy in the workplace.

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Review the article “A Contingency Approach to Representative Bureaucracy: Power, Equal Opportunities and Diversity” in this week’s Learning Resources. Think about the link between diversity and representative bureaucracy in the workplace.
  • Review the article “The Ideal of Diversity in Organizations” in this week’s Learning Resources.
  • Consider strategies for advancing diversity in the workplace. Pay particular attention to matters such as individual difference and equality as they relate to diversity in the workplace.
  • Reflect on basic democratic principles and consider how they are related to diversity.
  • Select at least two democratic principles that you think are promoted by diversity in the workplace and think about how diversity might or does promote them.

The Assignment (1–2 pages):

  • Briefly describe the democratic principles that you selected.
  • Explain how diversity relates to and promotes the democratic principles you selected.
  • Based on your analysis, share insights and draw conclusions about how diversity relates to and promotes democratic principles in the workplace.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources not included in the Learning Resources for this course.

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Address the responsibilities of each level of government, which are federal, state, and local. (Most of the essay will be about the federal government).

This is part one of the class project assessments. Click here to see the overview of the assignments.

Complete a research essay on the government and national security. Remember this is being written for the president to read.

Terrorism, national defense, and border security are always hot topics. Here are the aspects and questions to address for this essay:

Identify a current issue being debated about American national security.
Explain two competing solutions to this problem.
Evaluate which one is preferable.
Address the responsibilities of each level of government, which are federal, state, and local. (Most of the essay will be about the federal government).

REQUIREMENTS:

300 word minimum length, not including references listed at the end or footnotes if used.
Incorporation of concepts and terms from the required readings.
Inclusion of facts from a recent news article about the topic/solution.
Correct spelling, grammar, and formatting, whether it’s APA, MLA, or Chicago/Turabian.
See the essay rubric for further details on grading.

Writing tip – Essays should be written in the third person perspective. (Avoid using “I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, you, your”).

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Why did it take so long for a stable democratic regime to take hold in France?

You are preparing a brochure for American visitors to France. Your purpose is to increase knowledge of history in order to strengthen the bridges between the two long-term friends. Answer each of the following questions, citing historical events and details, referring as needed to this module’s readings.

  1. Why did it take so long for a stable democratic regime to take hold in France?
  2. How did de Gaulle’s changes to the country’s institution and social, political, and economic processes contribute to the creation of an effective industrial state?
  3. What is the impact of the French influential elite whose roots lie in the bureaucracy?
  4. Discuss what France’s recent foreign policy says about its character as a nation.

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Globalization may have considerable beneficial and detrimental effects on various countries. Using what you’ve learned from this module share your thoughts on the economic and political impact of globalization on the Russian economy.

Globalization may have considerable beneficial and detrimental effects on various countries. Using what you’ve learned from this module share your thoughts on the economic and political impact of globalization on the Russian economy.

 

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Scores, Type I and II Errors, Hypothesis Testing

This is your second IBM SPSS assignment. It includes three sections in which you will:

  1. Generate z scores for a variable in grades.sav and report and interpret them.
  2. Analyze cases of Type I and Type II errors.
  3. Analyze cases to either reject or not reject a null hypothesis.

Download the Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template from the Resources area and use the template to complete the following sections:

  • Section 1: z Scores in SPSS.
  • Section 2: Case Studies of Type I and Type II Errors.
  • Section 3: Case Studies of Null Hypothesis Testing.

Format your answers in narrative style, integrating supporting statistical output (table and graphs) into the narrative in the appropriate places (not all at the end of the document). See the Copy/Export Output Instructions in the Resources area for assistance.

Submit your answer template as an attached Word document in the assignment area

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Reporting a correlation

  • INTRODUCTION

    In Unit 6, we will apply our understanding of correlation in the third IBM SPSS assignment. For the remaining data analysis assignments (in Units 6, 8, and 10) and for the journal article summary assignment (in Unit 9), we will use the Data Analysis and Application (DAA) Template. The DAA Template is separated into five sections in which you will report the results of your statistical testing.TOGGLE DRAWERHIDE FULL INTRODUCTION

    Proper Reporting of Correlations

    Reporting a correlation in proper APA style requires an understanding of the following elements: the statistical notation for a Pearson’s correlation ( r), the degrees of freedom, the correlation coefficient, the probability value, and the effect size. Consider the following example from Warner (2013, pp. 309–310):

    Only the correlation between commitment and length of relationship was statistically significant, r(116) = +.20, p < .05 (two-tailed). The r2 was .04; thus, only about 4% of the variance in commitment scores could be predicted from the length of the relationship; this is a weak positive relationship.

    r, Degrees of Freedom, and Correlation Coefficient

    The statistical notation for Pearson’s correlation is r, and following it is the degrees of freedom for this statistical test (116). The degrees of freedom for Pearson’s r is N − 2. There were 118 participants in the sample cited above (118 − 2 = 116). Note that SPSS output for Pearson’s r provides N, so you must subtract 2 from N to correctly report degrees of freedom. Next is the actual correlation coefficient including the sign. After the correlation coefficient is the probability value ( p).

    Probability Values

    Prior to the widespread use of SPSS and other statistical software programs, p values were often calculated by hand. The convention in reporting p values was to simply state, p < .05 to reject the null hypothesis and p > .05 to not reject the null hypothesis. However, SPSS provides an exact probability value that should be reported instead.Hypothetical examples would be p = .02 to reject the null hypothesis and p = .54 to not reject the null hypothesis (round exact p values to two decimal places). One confusing point of SPSS output is that highly significant p values are reported as .000, because SPSS only reports probability values out to three decimal places. Remember that there is a “1” out there somewhere, such as p = .000001, as there is always some small chance that the null hypothesis is true. When SPSS reports a p value of .000, report p < .001 and reject the null hypothesis.The “(two-tailed)” notation after the p value indicates that the researcher was testing a non-directional alternative hypothesis ( H1: rXY ≠ 0). He or she did not have any a priori justification to test a directional hypothesis of the relationship between commitment and length of the relationship. In terms of alpha level, the region of rejection was therefore 2.5% on the left side of the distribution and 2.5% on the right side of the distribution (2.5% + 2.5% = 5%, or alpha level of .05).A “(one-tailed)” notation indicates a directional alternative hypothesis. In this case, all 5% of the region of rejection is established on either the left (negative) side ( H1: rXY < 0) or the right (positive) side ( H1: rXY > 0) of the distribution. A directional hypothesis must be justified prior to examining the results. In this course, we will always specify a two-tailed (non-directional) test, which is more conservative relative to a one-tailed test. The advantage is that a non-directional test detects relationships or differences on either side of the distribution, which is recommended in exploratory research.

    Effect Size

    Effect sizes provide additional context for the strength of the relationship in correlation. Effect sizes are important because any non-zero correlation will be statistically significant if the sample size is large enough. After the probability value is stated, provide the r2 effect size and interpret it as small, medium, or large. It is good form to report the effect size for both significant and non-significant statistics for meta-analyses (that is, statistical studies that combine the results across multiple independent research studies), but in journal articles where space is limited, authors will often report effect sizes only for statistics that reject the null hypothesis.The Warner text provides a “Results” example at the end of each chapter for all statistics studied in this course. You are encouraged to review these examples and follow their structure when writing up Section 4, “Interpretation,” of the DAA Template.

    Reference

    Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariate techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Correlations

Resources

See the Resources area for links to resources that you will use for this assignment:

  1. You will complete this assignment using the Data Analysis and Application (DAA) Template.
  2. Read the SPSS Data Analysis Report Guidelines for a more complete understanding of the DAA Template and how to format and organize your assignment.
  3. Refer to IBM SPSS Step-By-Step Guide: Correlations for additional information on using SPSS for this assignment.
  4. If necessary, review the Copy/Export Output Instructions to refresh your memory on how to perform these tasks. As with your previous two assignments, your submission should be in narrative format with supporting statistical output (table and graphs) integrated into the narrative in the appropriate places (not all at the end of the document).

You will analyze the following variables in the grades.sav data set:

  • gender
  • gpa
  • total
  • final

Step 1: Write Section 1 of the DAA.

  • Provide the context of the grades.sav data set.
  • Include a definition of the specified variables and corresponding scales of measurement.
  • Indicate the type of correlation for each X, Y pair (Pearson’s r, Spearman’s r, point-biserial r, et cetera).
  • Specify the sample size of the data set.

Step 2: Write Section 2 of the DAA.

  • Test the assumptions of correlation for gpa and final.
  • Paste the SPSS histogram output for each variable and discuss your visual interpretations.
  • Paste SPSS descriptives output showing skewness and kurtosis values and interpret them.
  • Paste SPSS scatter plot output with “gpa” set to the horizontal axis and “final” set to the vertical axis. Conduct a visual inspection of the scatter plot to analyze other assumptions of correlation.
  • Summarize whether or not the assumptions of correlation are met.

Step 3: Write Section 3 of the DAA.

  • Specify a research question related to gpa and final.
  • Articulate the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
  • Specify your alpha level.

Step 4: Write Section 4 of the DAA.

  • Paste the SPSS output of the intercorrelation matrix for all specified variables.
    • First, report the lowest magnitude correlation in the intercorrelation matrix, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Specify whether or not to reject the null hypothesis for this correlation.
    • Second, report the highest magnitude correlation in the intercorrelation matrix, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Specify whether or not to reject the null hypothesis for this correlation.
    • Third, report the correlation between gpa and final, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Analyze the correlation in terms of the null hypothesis.

Step 5: Write Section 5 of the DAA.

  • Discuss the implications of this correlation as it relates to the research question.
  • Conclude with an analysis of the strengths and limitations of correlational analysis.

Submit your DAA Template as an attached Word document in the assignment area.

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If you could change TWO (2) things about how Congress works, what would that be? Explain.

Question Description

Read the text and answer the question. 500 words+

Chapter 13: The Congress

  • If you could change TWO (2) things about how Congress works, what would that be? Explain.

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Turnout in local elections

  • Discuss representation, participation, and voter turnout in local elections. What trends do you see, and what are their impacts?

    Your essay should be at least 500 words in length and include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

  • Ensure that the answer is 75 words without using the in-text citation. Please ensure the answer is in APA format and the following textbook is used: Dye, T. R., & MacManus, S. A. (2015). Politics in states and communities (15th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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Many law enforcement agencies are facing an increasingly problematic shortage of police officers due to management difficulties that have been worsened by the existing police subculture, politics, power struggles, and organizational conflicts

Many law enforcement agencies are facing an increasingly problematic shortage of police officers due to management difficulties that have been worsened by the existing police subculture, politics, power struggles, and organizational conflicts.

Problems at the CVPD

You are a recruitment officer at the Centervale Police Department (CVPD). There is a new problem being faced by your police department and those around the country. However, the problem seems to be more pronounced in the CVPD. There seems to be a huge difficulty in recruiting new officers. This is because there are very few applicants for the job and a large number of vacancies. This has never happened before.

It appears as though officers are reluctant to join the CVPD. LA has a high rate of crime and not enough staff to control the crime. The superintendent of the CVPD appointed a research team to find out why individuals were opposed to joining the CVPD. This is what the team found:

In an effort to restructure the police force, there is a sudden absence of well-defined roles. New members of the department are confused about the roles they are required to play. Most of the time, there is too much work pressure because they are required to perform functions beyond their expertise. Sometimes, there is no work at all. This causes low morale and low job satisfaction within the employees.

Another significant finding of the research done was that there is an abuse of power in the police force. Recent employees have reported that the sergeants tend to misuse the power they have. Not only do they expect the new employees to obey them blindly, but they also make unfair demands. For instance, three new police officers were put on night patrol duty for three months. During these three months, they were made to do 72 hour shifts on many occasions.

A very crucial finding was that the new employees who have joined the police force as part of the family tradition are disillusioned with the changes in policing. They are not prepared for the new attitude toward policing and the new policies that have developed.

For this assignment you are the recruitment officer in the Centervale Police Department (CVPD), you have been given the responsibility of helping CVPD solve the problem mentioned above. The empty positions in the department need to be filled as soon as possible. To do this, changes have to take place within the organization.

You have to come up with a plan to solve the problem. You need to conduct an analysis and present a report. Your analysis and conclusions should focus on solving the recruitment problems in the CVPD. Your analysis should explore how the CVPD posts can be filled with new and aspiring police officers. In your analytical report, include the following:

  • What strategies for socialization would you implement to increase the probability of new recruits joining the CVPD? What problems would you anticipate with the proper socialization of the new employees? How would you prepare the department to deal with these problems?
  • What types of power would you attempt to implement within the CVPD to improve the administration of the police department? Why would you choose these types of power over others? What strategies would you put in place to control the effect of politics on the CVPD?
  • What plans would you put in place to reduce the intraorganziational and interorganizational conflict in the CVPD? How would you ascertain that the right types of conflict behavior were used in specific conflict situations? What process and structural interventions would you implement?

Support your analysis by citing creditable sources, theories, and arguments. Submit your response in an 8–10-page Microsoft Word document to the Submission

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