Author: Splendid Writings

Observation #3

Early Childhood 3-5 years

For information during this time period you will be jumping between the infancy chapters as well as the Early Childhood chapters depending on the age of the child you are observing. Make sure you information is accurate for the age of the child.

Introduction:

Where you are, who you are observing, and what is happening around you. Briefly give a description of the setting and the child. This should be no more than 3 or 4 sentences.

Part 1 Each observation session

For each observation session list the date and time frame of the observation, where you are, who you are observing, and what is happening around you. Briefly give a description of the setting and the child (if you provided this during the first session you do not need to do this again). Each section should be no more than 3 or 4 sentences. *See paper format for examples

**During the course of the observation complete Piaget’s conservation experiment. You can complete with checkers, graham crackers, juice…be creative!!!!! Make sure that you are familiar with the concept of conservation so you can best understand exactly what you are seeing.

If you are observing in a center which does not allow interaction with the child answer this question by assuming (based on their age and Piaget’s theory) how you would EXPECT them to perform on the task.

In addition to observing the child, you can interact with the child in order to get more information that may not be easy to see. Some suggestions for things to do:

Give the child a crayon and paper and ask them to draw you a picture
Ask the child to tell you about a past event (Christmas, a birthday party, a family trip)

Part 2 (Remember to clearly label the beginning of this section)

Answer the questions below. Use the behavior you observed to provide support for your answers (this means that you need to restate the behavior that you observed within the context of the question this includes the responses to the experiment). Be sure to give complete answers and examples from your observation to back them up. Refer to chapters on Early Childhood development for specific information on the concepts. If you observe behavior that is mentioned in the book but is not part of the questions below, please include it as well.

What gross and fine motor skills did you observe? Use the behavior you observed to provide support for your answers. (discuss both of these abilities and examples of BOTH of the abilities)
Does this child show preoperational thought?
Give examples of at least TWO of the following concepts you observed ***You MUST do Piaget’s experiments to answer this question, if you do not complete the experiment you will not receive points for the question*******: (Describe the results of the experiment in this question. Remember that if the child development center you are observing at does not allow you to complete the experiment describe how you would expect the child to respond based on their age.)
Centration
Irreversibility
conservation
Does the child seem to be developing typically in the cognitive area? (Remember this is where you cite information from the text, you do not KNOW they are developing typically because that’s what your kid, or neighbor or niece or nephew did. You know because of what you are studying.)
Give examples of at least TWO of the following concepts you observed. Does the child seem to be developing typically in the cognitive area? (Remember this is where you cite information from the text or other sources. You do not KNOW they are developing typically because that’s what your kid, or neighbor or niece or nephew did. You know because of what you are studying)
Symbolic thought
Egocentrism (The three-mountain task in Figure 9.1 illustrates this principal well)
Transductive reasoning/transduction
Animism
Using the information provided in the text as well as supplemental information provided asses the child’s theory of mind. This can be done by replicating the experiment discussed in the text or in the provided videos.
Is the child’s theory of mind typical for their chronological age? How do you know this? (CITE how you know this)
Describe the child’s vocabulary and understanding of grammar by providing examples of AT LEAST TWO of the concepts listed below. For each concept discussed you must:
Give examples from the child’s language. (Discuss through examples of the vocabulary used by the child. Even 2 year olds have some vocabulary. If you did not hear any….observe longer)
Answer if the concept is considered typical development for their chronological age? (remember this is where you cite information from the text, you do not KNOW they are developing typically because that’s what your kid, or neighbor or niece or nephew did. You know because of what you are studying.)
Fast mapping
Overregularization
Pragmatism
Give examples of pro-social behavior observed. Use specific examples of pro-social behavior as discussed in our text book. (Make sure you correctly understand the definition of pro-social play as defined by our text book)
Observe the child playing.
Using Piaget’s discussion of “kinds of play”. Identify what type of play you observed. Why did you choose this?
Using Parten’s categories of Play, identify what types of play you observed. Why did you choose this?
Was the child’s play gender-related? (why do you think the play was gender related, use examples from your observation)

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TELS FINAL EXAM

You manage the Angelica Film Center (510 Texas Avenue, Houston, TX 77002, 713 225 1470, manager@angelikafc.com) in downtown Houston. Your film projectionist, Jennifer Boehm, is applying for a scholarship at UH-Downtown. She wants you to write a letter of recommendation for her. If she wins this scholarship, she will probably stop working at AFC.

 

In her present position, Ms. Bohem:

• Receives and checks the films.
• Repairs and stores the films when necessary.
• Loads the spools onto the projectors in the right order.
• Ensures that the films run smoothly during showings.
• Joins (splices) lengths of film together if they break.
• Sends film off to the next destination after a run of performances.
• Maintains the projector.
• Checks that the film sound is operating properly and is at the right volume during a showing.

 

Ms. Boehm works a weekly shift, as well as helping out at film festivals that AFC sponsors, such as the October Silver Screams Festival. She even proposed and helped organize the Classic Director’s Fortnight Festival, which screens double features every night for 2 weeks, with 10% of profits donated to Children’s Cancer Center. You are pleased with Ms. Boehm’s work and happy to help as she is one of your best employees.

 

Here is the scholarship announcement Ms. Boehm has provided to help you with the recommendation letter:

 

Robert A. Eckels Scholarship: Scholarship for any student with a major declared in art. Additional criteria: documented leadership skills; must be enrolled for at least 9 semester hours. Students interested in applying for this scholarship should include mention of all leadership and community/civic involvement. Send letter to Scott Anthony, One Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, 713-221-8000.

 

Instructions:

Write a 1-2 page (minimum one full page) letter of recommendation for Jennifer Boehm. Your letter should use the direct strategy, provide specific examples of the applicant’s professional and personal skills and attributes, and remain objective yet supportive of Ms. Boehm’s scholarship application.

 

You will be graded on appropriate business letter format; grammar and punctuation; organization; concision, clarity, and fluency of language; professional tone; and level of detail. Part of your grade will rest on whether or not your grader is convinced by your letter.

 

Number 2 of 2

 

 Instructions:

 

Write a 350-500 word analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the following technical document. In your analysis, discuss the document’s use of language, awareness of audience, organization, professional format, and overall usability. Your analysis is for in-house distribution and is to be addressed to Dr. Chandler. Choose your format accordingly.

 

 

SUBJECT: Violence Memo

TO: Todd Shimoyama

FROM: Avianca Harper

DATE: April 2, 2017

 

Todd –

 

I went to OfficePro conference on May 2. The topic was how to prevent workplace violence, and I found it very fascinating. Although we have been fortunate to avoid serious incidents at our company, it’s better to be safe than sorry. Since I was the representative from our company, I thought you would like me to report about same suggestions for preventing workplace violence. Robert Mather was the presenter, and he made suggestions in three categories, which I will     summarize here.

 

Mr. Mather cautioned organizations to prescreen job applicants. As a matter of fact, wise       companies do not offer employment until after a candidate’s background has been checked. Just the mention of a background check is enough to make some candidates withdraw. These candidates, of course, are the ones with something to hide.

 

A second suggestion was that companies should prepare a good employee handbook that         outlines what employees should do when they suspect potential workplace violence. This handbook should include a way for informers to be anonymous.

 

A third recommendation had to do with recognizing red-flag behavior. This involves having companies train managers to recognize signs of potential workplace violence. What are some of the red flags? One sign is an increasing number of arguments with coworkers. Another sign is extreme changes in behavior or statements indicating depression over family or financial problems. Another sign is bullying or harassing behavior. Bringing a firearm to work or displaying an extreme fascination with firearms is another sign.

 

By the way, the next OfficePro conference is in September, and the topic is the new OSHA    standards.

 

I think that the best recommendation is prescreening job candidates. This is because it is most feasible. If you want me to do more research on prescreening techniques, do not hesitate to let me know. Let me know by May 7 if you want me to make a report at our management meeting, which is scheduled for June.

 

Avianca

 

 

Submit your documents as one Word or PDF document to the assignment drop box. Do not include the assignment instructions in your submission.

 

 

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Ethical Issues and Operations
Ethical behavior is a corporate issue that affects the company’s bottom line. How do ethical issues impact organizations and operations? Include an example seen in the workplace, in the news, etc. that relates to real-life situations. Your initial post should be at least 200-250 words.

Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your peers’ posts and identify some common and/or popular unethical actions. Give additional advice and alternative solutions to help avoid unethical behaviors and outcomes from happening in the future.

————————————————

2. Jason.

Ethics form the backbone of the core values of an organization. As Vonderembse and White (2013) advise ethics are a sense of what is right and what is wrong that guide behavior. Setting high ethical standards impact how a company represents itself. Having an ethical culture in the work environment leads to greater results in productivity and quality in products. If a work environment does not have an ethical culture, it can be detrimental to not only the workers but also the bottom line of the company. As mentioned by Vonderembse and White (2013), product safety is a topic of ethical behavior. Having an ethical culture leads to safer products as product design decisions will be based on an ethical culture of doing the right thing. Instead of trying to cut corners to make a profit, steps will be taken to ensure product safety for consumers. It is not only important to have a safe product for consumers, it is important to have a safe work environment for workers as well. Companies that place an emphasis on safety for consumers and workers find themselves set up for long term success (Vonderembse and White, 2013). Products that malfunction and injure consumers can lead to lengthy litigation and bad pr. Bad pr leads to lower sales and consumers going as far as to boycott companies.

Working in a bank with access to personal client information, I deal with ethics and ethical behavior on a daily basis. I have access to personal client information that I could easily print out and walk out with. However, we have several training’s and place a large emphasis on an ethical work environment. I am aware of the consequences if I am caught doing something wrong. I have also been trained on what is appropriate and what is not. Safeguards are also in place to keep the information from getting into the wrong hands. I am unable to email outside email addresses is one safe measure to keep information internal. Culture and training play a much larger role. I am aware of what I can and can’t do, I am also aware of the consequences. Training include real world examples of the fines and punishments that occur when unethical practices take place.

Vonderembse, M. A., & White, G. P. (2013). Operations management. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

————————————-

1. Rebekah.
Ethical Issues Impact on Organizations and Operations
Ethics aligns with the values of a corporation and should focus on the mission of the organization. Many companies will have a code of ethics that provides the workforce clear expectations on what is acceptable when they are working for the organization. In my current company, the code of ethics also provides the possible ramifications of noncompliance with these practices. For instance, in healthcare, if one was to disregard the ethical obligation to protect the privacy of the patients, it can cost the organization up to 1.5 million dollars under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountably Act (“The Office of the Federal Register”, 2019). While this example is an extreme within the law, it concisely notes to the workforce the importance of ethical actions. Fines can impact the financial stability of an organization as well as affecting the culture of the workforce. Vonderembse and White (2013) noted that the impact may not be obvious as the actions that are unethical may not be publicly known. For instance, if a manager was to hide a mistake that was made in hopes that by the time the company finds out the manager has been promoted or left the company. Even if the action is not known until later, the ethical thing to do would report the known noncompliance so that the issue can be fixed quickly. If things are left to be incorrect or hidden due to unethical actions, it can lead to high costs down the road for the company.

Example from the Workplace
The ethical response to matters may not be easy to define in all instances; however, once an unethical action is uncovered the organization needs to take action to minimize the impact, which can be financial and reputational. As an illustration, a new service line was started in a healthcare facility. As part of the new service the staff that complete the coding and billing were not familiar with the correct codes to use. It was identified after several months that the bills had been noting higher rates due to having the wrong codes for the services. In healthcare, upcoding can be viewed as a form of abuse if it is related to federal beneficiaries, such as Medicare and Medicaid recipients (“The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services”, 2019). If the coding was completed intentionally to incur funds that were not appropriate, it can rise to the level of fraud, which is extremely unethical and costly for organizations(“The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services”, 2019). In this example, a coder had a concern and reported the matter so that it could be addressed. Luckily, if an issue is found early, an organization can correct the issue and when matters are corrected quickly, it reduces the financial risk and reputational harm. For instance, if an organization is fined for abuse or fraud in healthcare it is publicly reported, which can cause lost business from clients due to the loss of trusty. In contrast, when issues are addressed quickly it restores the trust as it shows how even when one has bad news, they own up to it and correct the problem. In my experience, when one is more forthcoming with the regulatory agencies, then one sees leniency. In addition, in an organization, if the workforce is encouraged to bring forward concerns, it supports an ethical culture as well as allowing for issues to be mitigated quickly. In summary, strong ethics in the workforce can ensure that even when an issue arises it is reported so that leadership can mitigate before it has a significant impact on the bottom-line.

Reference

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2019) Medicare fraud & abuse: Prevent, detect, report. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Fraud-Abuse-MLN4649244.pdf

The Office of the Fderal Rgister (2019, April 30). Notification of Enforcement Discretion Regarding HIPAA Civil Money Penalties. Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/04/30/2019-08530/notification-of-enforcement-discretion-regarding-hipaa-civil-money-penalties

Vonderembse, M. A., & White, G. P. (2013). Operations management. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

—————————————————-

2. Jason.

Ethics form the backbone of the core values of an organization. As Vonderembse and White (2013) advise ethics are a sense of what is right and what is wrong that guide behavior. Setting high ethical standards impact how a company represents itself. Having an ethical culture in the work environment leads to greater results in productivity and quality in products. If a work environment does not have an ethical culture, it can be detrimental to not only the workers but also the bottom line of the company. As mentioned by Vonderembse and White (2013), product safety is a topic of ethical behavior. Having an ethical culture leads to safer products as product design decisions will be based on an ethical culture of doing the right thing. Instead of trying to cut corners to make a profit, steps will be taken to ensure product safety for consumers. It is not only important to have a safe product for consumers, it is important to have a safe work environment for workers as well. Companies that place an emphasis on safety for consumers and workers find themselves set up for long term success (Vonderembse and White, 2013). Products that malfunction and injure consumers can lead to lengthy litigation and bad pr. Bad pr leads to lower sales and consumers going as far as to boycott companies.

Working in a bank with access to personal client information, I deal with ethics and ethical behavior on a daily basis. I have access to personal client information that I could easily print out and walk out with. However, we have several training’s and place a large emphasis on an ethical work environment. I am aware of the consequences if I am caught doing something wrong. I have also been trained on what is appropriate and what is not. Safeguards are also in place to keep the information from getting into the wrong hands. I am unable to email outside email addresses is one safe measure to keep information internal. Culture and training play a much larger role. I am aware of what I can and can’t do, I am also aware of the consequences. Training include real world examples of the fines and punishments that occur when unethical practices take place.

Vonderembse, M. A., & White, G. P. (2013). Operations management. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

——————————-

Required Resources
Text
Vonderembse, M. A., & White, G. P. (2013). Operations management [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Operations Management in a Global Environment
• Chapter 2: Gaining Competitive Advantage through Operations
Recommended Resource
Multimedia
July, E. (Producer) & Rodrigo, J. M. (Director). (2003). Business is blooming: The international floral industry (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. Retrieved from the Films On Demand database.
• Watch the following segments:
o Flowers, Auctioning, and Stock
o Flower Business Explosion

———————-

Could you please respond to 2 classmates’s discussions. 1. Rebekah and 2. Jason.
You may start : “ Hi Rebekah, I agree with you because ….”. ( for example).
Related order # 460127

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In your paper, you should give a brief description of the character. Then, you should answer the following:

Identify the diagnosis that you would make of the character. (25 points)
– You should back up your diagnosis with the relevant symptoms displayed by the character (in other words, explain why did you make the diagnosis that you did). Refer to the movie to illustrate the symptoms that the character demonstrates.
– Discuss all the possible symptoms of the disorder; does the client show all the possible symptoms, or only some of the possible symptoms of the disorder?

You should summarize any possible origins of the disorder. (25 points)
– Is it likely to be genetic? Is it likely to be caused by stress, or by exposure to environmental stressors?
– What origins are clear from the movie, and what origins would you speculate, given what you know of the disorder?

Be sure to discuss the expected prognosis for the disorder. (25 points)
– What prognosis do you see in the movie (e.g., does the person commit suicide? Does the person seem to recover fully?)
– What prognosis is reasonable, based on your textbook or research on the disorder? The movie might not be realistic; be sure that you describe a realistic prognosis, as well as the movie’s outcome.

Finally, you should look at the chapter on treatment of psychological disorders to determine how you would provide therapy for your client. (25 points)
– What sort of therapy would you recommend, based on what you feel would be the most effective?
– What sort of therapy (if any) is the character receiving in the movie?
– Would you expect the character to respond well to the recommended therapy? Why or why not? You should refer to your textbook to answer this question.

Be sure that you answer all of the above questions in your paper. I expect that it will take you 4-5 pages to answer all of the questions. The best papers will show insight into the disorder, as well as insight into how the disorder must be portrayed for the movie audience to understand and for the story to move forward.

You are allowed to use whatever resources you need to find information on disorders! Please remember that sites with .com are commercial sites and therefore may not obtain accurate information. Also please remember to CITE any outside sources with in text citations and a works cited page. Your paper DOES NOT have to be on a disorder discussed in class!

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Pages:
0 pages (0 words) Single spaced

PowerPoint slides:
8

Type of paper:
Presentation/PPT Undergraduate (yrs. 1-2)

Discipline:
Psychology

Title:
Observation & Presentation

Sources to be cited:
3

Paper format:
APA

Paper instructions:
Observe a child of your choice and give details regarding the observation environment.
Choose a stage theory we have discussed or referenced in your textbook. Please reference theorist as well.
In PPT: Describe chosen theory and the child’s stage category.
Describe developmental milestones typical for a child in this stage.
Describe your child: age, gender, culture, religion, etc. Only give identifying information such as name with parental permission. If you cannot use actual photo, please insert cartoon characters. Any (Create a child in your imagination)
Describe the observation Environment; Describe specific behaviors and language observed.
Link your observation (a pic of a cartoon) with the stage, for instance: at 3 years old, Keith did not realize I saw a different picture than the one he could see. Developmentally he is right on target as a child of 3 is not expected to grasp this cognitive milestone (Egocentrism).
Give your opinion as to whether the child is on target, not quite there, or ahead of his/her expected performance according to the theory you have chosen. Give specific behavioral or language examples which support your opinion.
PPT should be at least 6 slides of information with a title slide and end slide of references (at least 3 references including your book) for a total minimum of 8 slides. (references).

Book
“Exploring Lifespan Development 4th Edition”

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Pages:
2 pages (550 words) Double spaced

Type of paper:
Essay (any type) Undergraduate (yrs. 3-4)

Discipline:
International Relations

Title:
See paper instructions

Sources to be cited:
2

Paper format:
Chicago / Turabian

Paper instructions:
This assignment is a take-home essay consisting of 3 questions, 2 pages total, to test knowledge and assimilation of the course objectives. Please exclusively use the course materials to support each answer. To answer these questions paraphrase, do not use quotations.

Please answer all three questions below in a paragraph format by listing the number followed by your answer. I recommend using the MEAL plan to organize your paragraphs. For more information, please check out this link. Please cite your sources using in-text citations; a reference list is not needed. Please review your work for errors before submitting it and ensure that it is grammatically correct. Your submission should be no more than 2 pages in length.

1. Explain what Zewei’s article from the week 4 reading was all about. Be sure to identify the thesis and conclusions.

2. What are the main ideas in Steinberg’s article?

3. Based on the Cragg, Arnold, and Muchlinski article from week 6, when and why did “business and human rights” become an international topic? What explains the delay?

Please note that all assignments should be written in Word and uploaded as attachments within the Assignments section of the classroom.Use 12 pt. font and double-space.Be sure to put your name and class information on the document and put your name on the file.

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Assignment 3: Stakeholders in Sustainable Business Transformation (15%; 100 marks total)

Introduction

In this module, we explored a number of broad forces that have significant influence on business, government, and society. In this assignment, you will focus on environmental issues and sustainable development as a growing force in business and society today. Decision makers integrating environmental and social issues and concerns with economic goals can face conflicting costs and benefits among these three elements of sustainable development.

In this assignment, you will examine some of the environmental, health and social costs and benefits associated with an economic development project. You will also examine one business or organization that is implementing sustainable development policies and initiatives.

Part A is a case study on the environmental, health, social, and economic impacts of the adoption of clean cookstoves in the developing world. Part B is a report examining a corporation or other organization that is transforming to more sustainable operations.

Part A

Read Discussion Case: Clean Cooking at the end of Chapter 9, and answer the following two questions.

• Question 1:Describe the ways in which the widespread adoption of clean cookstoves will address the global environmental issues discussed in Chapter 9. (15 marks)
• Question 2:Describe the ways in which the widespread adoption of clean cookstoves will address the issues of economic development and poverty discussed in Chapter 9. (15 marks)

Part B

Examine a corporation or other organization that is transforming to more sustainable operations. Analyze ways the organization is reacting to stakeholder influences and how the policies and initiatives of this organization, as well as technologies that they employ, are affecting stakeholders internally, externally, and globally. You should demonstrate your ability to incorporate and integrate your learning from all aspects of this module. Ensure that you include information from the course material, the readings, your journal, and your own research.

Choose from the following options:

• Royal Dutch Shell
• Interface, Inc.
• Hewlett-Packard (HP)
• A business or organization of your choicethat is implementing sustainable development policies and initiatives. Please review the questions below to ensure the organization or business that you select is appropriate to the assignment deliverables.

Note

If you are not analyzing Shell, Interface, or HP), then, prior to beginning this report, you should email your Open Learning Faculty Member the name of your chosen organization to confirm that your choice is appropriate for this assignment.

After selecting an organization, write a 2,200-word, double-spaced report containing the following:

• Section 1. External forces or influences:Identify three external factors that you think have influenced the company’s shift to more environmentally and/or socially responsible business management practices. Describe the ways in which these external factors influenced management actions and/or decisions or helped to transform the company. Provide evidence to support your observations. (30 marks)
• Section 2. Internal forces or influences:Identify two internal factors that have influenced the company’s shift to more environmentally and/or socially responsible business management practices. Describe the ways in which these internal factors influenced management actions and/or decisions or helped to transform the company. Provide evidence to support your observations. (20 marks)
• Section 3. Global impacts of sustainable development initiatives:Describe one real or potential global impact of the sustainable development initiatives of this company. Indicate the magnitude or significance of this impact in terms of its influence on global business and/or society. (10 marks)
• Section 4. Harnessing technology for sustainable development:Describe (with examples) how this company is using the Internet and other technologies to assist its efforts to move toward sustainable business and development. (10 marks)

 

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Dianara Loredon

LOG-125-0901

E. Bateh

Ch.5 Motor Carriers

December 2, 2019

Chapter 5 Exercise Questions

1. The motor carrier industry is probably the most visible segment of the transportation system in the United States. The motor carrier is also the most significant element of the U.S. freight transport industry. What factors account for the motor carrier’s visibility and significance?

2. The railroad industry played a significant role in the development and growth of many cities and geographic regions during the 19th century. What role, if any, have motor carriers played during the 21st century in terms of economic development?

3. Private carriage is more important in the motor carrier segment of our transportation industry than any of the other four major modal segments. What factors have contributed to private carriage becoming so prevalent in the motor carrier area?

4. The so-called local carrier is also almost unique to the motor carrier industry. Why?

5. Compare and contrast the TL segment of the motor carrier industry with the LTL segment in terms of infrastructure, cost structure, market structure, and operating characteristics.

6. What is the nature of intramodal and intermodal competition in the motor carrier industry? How have the motor carriers fared in terms of intermodal competition since 1980?

7. Describe the general service characteristics of motor carriers and explain how these service characteristics have contributed to the growth of the motor carrier industry.

8. The cost structure of the motor carrier industry is affected by its infrastructure (such as highways and terminals). Discuss the cost structure of motor carriers and how it is affected by the infrastructure. Should there be changes made in public policy with respect to the motor carriers’ use of public highways?

9. Describe how fuel and labor have impacted motor carrier cost structures and how they have altered motor carrier operations.

10. What are the major issues facing motor carriers in the 21st century? How should these issues be addressed?

Dianara Loredon

LOG-125-0901

E. Bateh

Ch. 6 Railroads

December 2, 2019

Chapter 6 Exercise Questions

1. Railroads no longer dominate the freight transportation market, but they still lead the market in terms of freight ton-miles. What factors contribute to their leadership in this area? Why is their share of the total expenditures for freight movement so small if they lead in freight ton-miles?

2. Since the passage of the Staggers Rail Act of 1980, there has been an increase in the number of small railroads (Class III). Why has this number increased while the number of Class I railroads has decreased?

3. Explain the difference between intramodal and intermodal competition in the railroad industry. Which form of competition is most beneficial to shippers? Why?

4. One of the significant factors in rail development has been the number of mergers that have occurred, but there have been different types of mergers that have occurred over time. Discuss the major types of mergers and explain why they occurred. Will mergers continue to occur in the rail industry? Why or why not?

5. What factors have contributed to the decline in the volume of higher-value freight by the railroads? What changes, if any, could the railroads make to attract more higher-value freight from motor carriers?

6. Railroads have abandoned a significant number of miles of track (over 260,000 miles) since 1916. Why has this trend developed? Will it continue into future? Why or why not?

7. The railroad industry has developed a number of new types of equipment to replace the standard boxcar. What is the rationale supporting the diversification of equipment?

8. The railroad industry’s cost structure is different than that of the motor carrier industry. What factors contribute to this difference? What impact do these differences have for the railroads in terms of pricing, competitiveness, and investment?

9. Discuss the major current issues facing the railroad industry. Select one of these major issues and present appropriate recommendations for resolving the issue.

10. What factors have contributed to the success of intermodal rail service? What barriers exist to future expansion?

D Loredon

LOG-125-0901

E. Bateh

Ch.7 Airlines

December 2, 2019

Chapter 7 Exercise Questions

1. Discuss the ways in which air carriers compete with each other. How have regulatory changes affected this competition?

2. What is the major advantage of air carriers? How does this advantage impact the inventory levels of those firms using air transportation? Explain how this advantage relates to the choice of modes when choosing between air carriage and other modes of freight and passengers transport.

3. Discuss the length of haul and carrying capacity of the air carriers. Explain how they both favor and hinder air carriers from a competitive standpoint/

4. What is the role of government in air transportation? Include both economic and safety regulations in your answer.

5. How does fuel cost and efficiency affect both air carrier costs and pricing?

6. What is the current situation of labor within the air industry? Are unions a major factor? How does skill level vary within the industry? Do you think this situation is similar to other modes? If so, which one(s)? Explain why.

7. Do air carriers have economies of scale at any level? Economies of density? Discuss and support your answer with examples.

8. How do air carriers price their services? Is the weight or density of the shipment a factor? Explain this factor as part of your answer. How does air carrier pricing relate to the value of the goods being transported?

9. What are the current issues facing the air industry? Discuss how each impacts the industry, its customers and employees.

10. What is the cost structure of the air industry? How does it compare with other modes? How does this affect pricing, particularly for passengers? Be sure your answer includes examples from either advertising or the internet.

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