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Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report

Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report

Work type:         Analysis (any type)

Format:                APA

Pages:   9 pages ( 2475 words, Double spaced

Deadline:             Feb 5, 2020 at 2:56 AM (2 d, 06 h, 53 m)

Academic level:                Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Subject or discipline:      Criminal Justice

Title:      Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report

Number of sources:        10

Paper instructions:

Uploads 2, 3, and 4 are guidelines for the final Assignment 5.

 

In your Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper,

 

Summarize thoroughly the situation as it was known prior to arriving at the virtual scene in your introduction. Note that your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.

Explain how the virtual crime scene will be protected.

Describe how the virtual crime scene should be approached and why such steps are necessary.

Identify what steps are necessary to protect the virtual crime scene from contamination or loss of evidence and why this is an important element of crime scene management.

Determine evidence collection procedures appropriate to the virtual crime scene.

Describe how each item of evidence will be documented.

Identify which collection technique should be used for each piece of evidence.

Differentiate among techniques and explain why different techniques are appropriate to these types of evidence.

Illustrate chain of custody. As part of this element

Describe what chain of custody means.

Explain why it is important to protect the integrity of the evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.

Assess the potential impact on testing and admissibility if chain of custody is not clearly established.

Categorize evidence testing related to the virtual crime scene. As part of this element

Distinguish what types of field testing should be used at the virtual crime scene.

Distinguish what types of laboratory testing should be used on evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.

Compare the possible evidentiary findings and in-court admissibility of the field and laboratory tests.

Analyze current standards for the admissibility of the scientific evidence from your virtual crime scene at trial. As part of this element

Explain the common standards used by the courts to evaluate the admissibility of scientific evidence.

Determine any possible challenges to the admissibility of the collected evidence and what can be done proactively to ensure admissibility.

Assess how following valid methodology and properly using forensic science at trial contributes to sustaining a more just society.

 

Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report

[WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:

The Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper will focus on demonstrating an awareness of the scientific methodology used to solve crimes by analyzing a virtual crime scene simulation. You will document the appropriate procedures for protecting a crime scene; how to identify and document evidence; evidence handling, testing, and standards for the admissibility of evidence; scientific testing; and expert testimony at trial. You will also describe the broad role of forensic science in contributing toward a more just society.

Sections of your assignments from Weeks 2 through 4 will apply to sections of the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper. You may use sections from those papers verbatim in the text of the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper if you so choose. If the assignments are used, please ensure that all instructor feedback/corrections have been applied.

Background

You are a member of the Crime Scene Response Unit (CSRU) at Metro City Police Department. The unit manager just assembled the team for a briefing about a callout and has assigned you as lead on this scene, making you responsible for documenting the appropriate procedures for protecting the crime scene; how to identify and document evidence; evidence handling, testing, and standards for the admissibility of evidence; what scientific testing should be done at the laboratory; and expert testimony at trial. The multimedia element shown below is the CSRU manager’s briefing for you and your team.

 

 

Transcript for video above available here.

Ashford University | CSRU MANAGER BRIEFING

[MUSIC PLAYING]

You’re a member of the Crime Scene Response Unit CSRU at Metro City Police Department. The unit manager

just called the team together to brief on a callout and assigned you as lead on the scene, which means you will be

responsible for documenting the appropriate procedures for protecting a crime scene, how to identify and

document evidence, evidence handling, testing, and standards for admissibility of evidence, scientific testing and

expert testimony at trial.

Officers in neighboring Nonsuch County have reported finding a 2016 white Chevrolet Impala apparently

abandoned beside rural 77 about 10 miles north of Metro City Jurisdiction. Nonsuch County deputies reported

there were smears of blood on the steering wheel, dashboard, and both front seats. They also reported they

found a black duffel bag, blood smears, and stock certificates and one diamond earring inside the vehicle. The

name on the stock certificates matches the name of the registered owner of the vehicle at an address in Metro

City.

Your manager continues the briefing by telling you that when Metro City police officers responded to the

registered owner’s address of record, they found the house locked up and quiet. But looking in the window, they

could see a victim laying apparently unconscious in the foyer but found no indications of forced entry to the

residence.

Once inside the house, Metro City police officers found one male laying in the foyer deceased. They also found a

female in the bedroom deceased. The house appears to have been ransacked, and an open safe was located.

The vehicle will be towed into the evidence garage and handled separately.

The officers have secured the residence, but the medical examiner is waiting for your team to respond before

entering. Pictures throughout the house and a canvas of the neighborhood by officers revealed that the couple

had a 15-year-old daughter, whose location is currently unknown. When officers tried to call her, they located her

cell phone in the residence. As the manager is wrapping up, the officers notice a television in the corner of the

briefing room, which cuts to breaking news and shows a picture of a car surrounded by crime scene tape.

Breaking news right off the top. Police have found a vehicle that may be connected to a double homicide that

occurred early in the morning at about 3:00 AM. The vehicle was beside Road 77. Let’s go to our correspondent

on the scene.

Here we go. This is going to get a lot of press coverage. As if a double homicide isn’t bad enough, we don’t know

Here we go. This is going to get a lot of press coverage. As if a double homicide isn’t bad enough, we don’t know

where the daughter is or what happened to her. Everyone is going to be watching. We have to get this right, and

we have to make sure everything will hold up in court.

 

 

 

After watching the briefing, you will respond to the crime scene by entering the virtual crime scene simulation. Access the CRJ311 Basic Instructions document for tips on how best to navigate through this virtual crime scene. If you are unable to run the simulation, please contact your instructor. You will be able to move through the crime scene, examine items in closer detail, and determine what is evidence. You should take notes just as you would at a physical scene, as you will need to identify each piece of evidence and how it will be handled when you write the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper. Use relevant examples from the virtual crime scene and a minimum of 10 scholarly and/or credible resources, which may include resources previously used to support your work in Weeks 2 through 4. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types.

In your Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper,

  • Summarize thoroughly the situation as it was known prior to arriving at the virtual scene in your introduction. Note that your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on Writing a Thesis Statement(Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.
  • Explain how the virtual crime scene will be protected.
    • Describe how the virtual crime scene should be approached and why such steps are necessary.
    • Identify what steps are necessary to protect the virtual crime scene from contamination or loss of evidence and why this is an important element of crime scene management.
  • Determine evidence collection procedures appropriate to the virtual crime scene.
    • Describe how each item of evidence will be documented.
    • Identify which collection technique should be used for each piece of evidence.
    • Differentiate among techniques and explain why different techniques are appropriate to these types of evidence.
  • Illustrate chain of custody. As part of this element
    • Describe what chain of custody means.
    • Explain why it is important to protect the integrity of the evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.
    • Assess the potential impact on testing and admissibility if chain of custody is not clearly established.
  • Categorize evidence testing related to the virtual crime scene. As part of this element
    • Distinguish what types of field testing should be used at the virtual crime scene.
    • Distinguish what types of laboratory testing should be used on evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.
    • Compare the possible evidentiary findings and in-court admissibility of the field and laboratory tests.
  • Analyze current standards for the admissibility of the scientific evidence from your virtual crime scene at trial. As part of this element
    • Explain the common standards used by the courts to evaluate the admissibility of scientific evidence.
    • Determine any possible challenges to the admissibility of the collected evidence and what can be done proactively to ensure admissibility.
  • Assess how following valid methodology and properly using forensic science at trial contributes to sustaining a more just society.

 

The Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper

 

 

Crime Scene Management

[WLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 5]

Crime scene management skills are an extremely important component of an investigation because evidence that originates at the crime scene will provide a picture of events for the court to consider in its deliberations. Locard’s exchange principle argues that during the commission of a crime, evidence transfer occurs between the victim, suspect, and scene. In this paper, you will identify the key elements of crime scene management, the function served by each, as well as repercussions of allowing a scene to become contaminated or not establishing a solid chain of custody. Support your paper with examples from this week’s required material(s) and/or a minimum of three other scholarly or credible resources and properly cite any references.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:

You are also strongly encouraged to review the recommended resources, as they will help you explore the different types of evidence, as well as proper packaging and processing.

In your paper, address the following:

  • Explain why it is important to secure the crime scene and provide examples.
  • Identify possible ways that evidence might be contaminated.
  • Identify different methods that might be necessary to document evidence at a crime scene.
  • Identify different collection methods that might be used at a crime scene.
  • Explain chain of custody and why it is important.
  • Identify the repercussions of failure to protect evidence or establish chain of custody.
  • Explain how an investigator or forensic expert differentiates between what is or is not evidence.

The Crime Scene Management paper

  • Must be 750 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style(Links to an external site.)
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted

 

Resource:

Gaensslen, R.E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/

 

Week 3 – Assignment

The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing

[WLOs: 1, 2, 4] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4, 5]

Handling and processing evidence is an integral component of crime scene management because it lays the foundation for everything the court must consider when weighing the admissibility of evidence. For the most part, the courts prefer testing being carried out in a laboratory setting. However, there are exceptions, such as times when an initial examination also yields valuable information. In this assignment, you will differentiate between testing that might be done on-scene versus in the laboratory, identify testing that might be subject to preliminary testing, as well as compare the different results yielded by preliminary field versus laboratory testing. Support your assignment with examples from this week’s required material(s) and/or a minimum of three other scholarly or credible resources and properly cite any references.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:

You are also strongly encouraged to review the list of recommended resources, as they may assist you with this assignment.

In your paper, address the following:

  • Identify what types of evidence might be subjected to preliminary or field testing.
  • Describe at least two types of testing that might be done on scene.
  • Differentiate between why some evidence can and should be subjected to preliminary testing on scene, while other types should not.
  • Explain how the on-scene test compares to laboratory testing.
  • Compare and contrast the results yielded by preliminary field versus laboratory testing.
  • Compare and contrast the admissibility of on-scene versus laboratory testing at trial.

 

The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing paper

 

 

Resource:

Gaensslen, R.E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/

 

 

The Science of Evidence

[WLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 2, 4, 5]

Last week, you evaluated on-scene analysis and documentation. This week, the focus will shift to the scientific processes accomplished within the crime laboratory. In addition to the scientific processes, it is important to understand the standards applied to determine if the scientific process and its results can or should be admitted at trial. While science uses the peer review process to evaluate credibility, the courts also use case law to evaluate the standards for forensic science.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:

You must use at least three Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) in addition to the course text.

You are also strongly encouraged to review the recommended sources, which may further support this assignment.

In your paper, address the following:

  • Evaluate the evolution of forensic science, focusing on the types of scientific analysis conducted in crime laboratories.
  • Explain how the changes in science and evidence processing over the last century have affected the criminal justice system.
  • Describe at least four major types of scientific testing conducted by crime laboratories.
  • Describe the evidentiary value of the four major testing processes identified.
  • Analyze the current standards (based on case law) for admitting scientific evidence at trial, specifically addressing the four types of scientific testing identified in your paper.

The Science of Evidence paper

  • Must be 750 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style(Links to an external site.)
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013(Links to an external site.).

 

Resource:

Gaensslen, R.E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/

 

 

Gaensslen, R.E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/

  • Chapter 3: Digital Forensics
  • Chapter 6: Trace and Materials Evidence

Multimedia

Breitenmoser, K. (Director), Boulton-Gregson, P. (Producer), & Collins, C. (Writer). (2007). Forensic science in action: From crime scene to courtroom [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database.

Peterson, B. (Producer). (2012). Evidence and forensics: Due process. In D. S. Walko&MotionMasters (Executive Producers), Due Process: Understanding the U.S. Criminal Justice System [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database

  • The full version of this video is available through the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library. This video provides information about the role of forensics in the criminal justice system and why certain aspects of crime scene management are critical and will assist you in your Classification of Evidence discussion forum as well as the Crime Scene Management assignment this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript.
    Accessibility Statement(Links to an external site.)
    Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)

Web Pages

Florida International University, National Forensic Science Technology Center. (n.d.). Crime scene investigation guide (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nfstc.org/products/crime-scene-investigation-guide/

  • You will need to create a free account to download this free resource on this web page. The resource provides information about crime scene management and investigation, including documentation and collection procedures for different types of evidence and will assist you in your Classification of Evidence discussion forum as well as the Crime Scene Management assignment this week. Be sure to review Section C: Processing the Scene.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (n.d.). Strengthening forensic science in the United States: A path forward (2009) (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12589/strengthening-forensic-science-in-the-united-states-a-path-forward

  • This web page provides a free resource that can be downloaded as a PDF copy. The resource provides information about forensic science disciplines, efforts to ensure the reliability of work, establishing enforceable standards, and promoting best practices with consistent application. This resource will assist you in your Classifications of Evidence discussion forum and Crime Scene Management assignment this week. In the resource please review Section 5: Descriptions of Some Forensic Science Disciplines.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. (2015, May 29). Forensic sciences: Types of evidence (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/topics/forensics/evidence/pages/welcome.aspx

 

Recommended Resources

Books

Shelton, D. E. (2012). Forensic science evidence: Can the law keep up with science? Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com

  • The full-text version of this e-book is available through the Ebook Central database in the Ashford University Library. This e-book provides information about how slowly the courts are changing in response to evolving science and may assist you in your Crime Scene Management assignment this week. You may consider reviewing the following chapters.
    • Chapter 6: DNA Evidence
    • Chapter 7: Fingerprint Evidence
    • Chapter 8: Handwriting Comparison
    • Chapter 9: Hair Analysis
    • Chapter 10: Bite Mark Analysis
    • Chapter 11: Toolmarks, Firearms, and Bullet Lead Comparison
    • Chapter 12: Fire, Explosion and Arson Evidence
    • Chapter 13: Bloodstain Pattern Evidence

Fisher, J. (2008). Forensics under fire: Are bad science and dueling experts corrupting criminal justice? Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com

  • The full-text version of this e-book is available through the Ebook Central database in the Ashford University Library. This e-book provides information about changing perceptions about what tests are valid and how these shifts influence perceptions about forensic science and may assist you in your Crime Scene Management assignment this week. You may consider reviewing Part 2: Crime-Scene Impression Identification: Forensic Science or Subjective Analysis?

Web Page

Linder, D. O. (n.d.). The trial of O. J. Simpson: The incriminating evidence (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from http://famous-trials.com/simpson/1857-evidence

  • This web page provides a layperson’s perspective on the evidence from a highly publicized trial and may assist you in your written Crime Scene Management assignment this week.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy does not exist.

 

rticles

Arthur, R. M., Hoogenboom, J., Baiker, M., Taylor, M. C., & de Bruin, K. G. (2018). An automated approach to the classification of impact spatter and cast-off bloodstain patterns. Forensic Science International, 289, 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.019

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about evaluating blood spatter evidence and will assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Jurgens, E., Hainey, A., Shaw, L., &Andries, J. (2015). Chemical enhancement of footwear impressions in blood recovered from cotton using alginate casts. Journal of Forensic Identification, 65(3), 247–272. Retrieved from https://www.theiai.org/jfi_journals.php

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about impression evidence and will assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Multimedia

Liverpool John Moores University. (2012, October 25). Forensic science: Analysis of drugs using colour tests (Links to an external site.)[Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/hXh8pMvc3-o

Niland, P. (Producer), & Bond, S. (Producer). (2006). Bodies, blood, and ballistics: Forensics school, part one. In S. Grizzel& A. Smith (Executive Producers), Forensics School: Inside a Criminal Justice Training Center [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database

Niland, P. (Producer), & Bond. S. (Producer). (2006). Hands-on police work: Forensics school, part two. In S. Grizzel& A. Smith (Executive Producers), Forensics School: Inside a Criminal Justice Training Center [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database.

Web Pages

Florida International University, National Forensic Science Technology Center. (n.d.). Crime scene investigation guide (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nfstc.org/products/crime-scene-investigation-guide/

  • You will need to create a free account to download this free resource on this web page. This resource provides information about crime scene management and investigation, including documentation and collection procedures for different types of evidences and will assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the written assignment The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week. Please be sure to review the following sections in the resource:
    • Section D – Completing and Recording the Crime Scene Investigation
    • Section E – Crime Scene Equipment
  • Accessibility Statement does not exist.
  • Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (n.d.). Strengthening forensic science in the United States: A path forward (2009) (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12589/strengthening-forensic-science-in-the-united-states-a-path-forward

  • This web page provides a free resource that can be downloaded as a PDF copy. This resource provides information about forensic science disciplines, efforts to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application and will assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Work assignment this week. Please be sure to review the following sections:
    • Section 10. Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems
    • Section 11. Homeland Security and the Forensic Science Disciplines
  • Accessibility Statement does not exist.
  • Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

 

Recommended Resources

Book

Cassidy, M. J. (1980). Footwear identification (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Photocopy/77842NCJRS.pdf

  • This e-book provides information about evaluating footwear as evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

Articles

Almaadeed, S., Bouridane, A., Crookes, D., &Nibouche, O. (2015). Partial shoeprint retrieval using multiple point-of-interest detectors and SIFT descriptors. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 22(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.3233/ICA-140480

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about shoe print evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Cassidy, B. M., Lu, Z., Martin, J. P., Tazik, S. K., Kellogg, K. W., DeJong, S. A., Belliveau, E. O… Morgan, S. L. (2017). A quantitative method for determining a representative detection limit of the forensic luminol test for latent bloodstains. Forensic Science International, 278, 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.031

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using luminal to detect blood evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Furton, K. G., Caraballo, N. I., Cerreta, M. M., &Holness, H. K. (2015). Advances in the use of odour as forensic evidence through optimizing and standardizing instruments and canines (Links to an external site.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0262

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the publisher’s website, The Royal Society, through the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using police dogs and other odor detection methods to identify evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Gardner, E. T. (2017). Ability of Bluestar forensics and luminol to reveal latent bloodstains exposed to extreme outdoor conditions. Journal of Forensic Identification, 67(4), 581–599. Retrieved from https://www.theiai.org/jfi_journals.php

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using chemicals to identify blood evidence in various environments and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Kettner, M., Schmidt, A., Windgassen, M., Schmidt, P., Wagner, C., &Ramsthaler, F. (2015). Impact height and wall distance in bloodstain pattern analysis—what patterns of round bloodstains can tell us. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 129(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-014-1036-7

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about evaluating blood spatter evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Kucher, K. (2018, October 7). Fentanyl worries have Calif. police changing the way they handle, test for illicit drugs (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/police-products/investigation/drug-enforcement-software/articles/481665006-Fentanyl-worries-have-Calif-police-changing-the-way-they-handle-test-for-illicit-drugs/

  • This article provides information about presumptive field testing of drug evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

LeMay, J. (2006). Evidence beneath your feet: Electrostatic dust lifting collects hidden evidence at the crime scene. Law Enforcement Technology, 33(3), 42, 44, 44–48 Retrieved from https://www.officer.com/magazine/47297

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using electrostatic processing to obtain shoe print evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Lewis, B. (2018, August 28). FTCoE report provides insights, information on portable drug testing devices (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/police-products/investigation/drug-enforcement-software/articles/479725006-FTCoE-report-provides-insights-info-on-portable-drug-testing-devices/

  • This article provides information about emerging methodology for field testing drugs and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.
    Accessibility Statement does not exist.
    Privacy Policy(Links to an external site.)

Mistek, E., &Lednev, I. K. (2018, August). FT-IR spectroscopy for identification of biological stains for forensic purposes. Spectroscopy, 33(S8), 8–28. Retrieved from http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/sourceissues?sourcelist=82

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using spectroscopy to identify biological evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Morrison, J., Watts, G., Hobbs, G., &Dawnay, N. (2018). Field-based detection of biological samples for forensic analysis: Established techniques, novel tools, and future innovations. Forensic Science International, 285, 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.002

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about identification and collection of biological evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

NewsRx. (2016, June 24). Science; New findings from University of Teesside in science and justice provides new insights (The non-contact detection and identification of blood stained fingerprints. using visible wavelength reflectance hyperspectral imaging: part 1). Science Letter, 775. Retrieved from https://www.newsrx.com/NewsRxCorp/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about identification and documentation of fingerprints that have been corrupted by blood evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the written assignment The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Ramsthaler, F., Schmidt, P., Bux, R., Potente, S., Kaiser, C., &Kettner, M. (2012). Drying properties of bloodstains on common indoor surfaces. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 126(5), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0734-2

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about preliminary evaluation and identification of blood evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Rust, L., Nizio, K. D., & Forbes, S. L. (2016). The influence of ageing and surface type on the odour profile of blood-detection dog training aids. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408(23), 6349–6360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9748-9

  • The full-text version of this article is available through EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using odor detection to identify evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Sterzik, V., Panzer, S., Apfelbacher, M., &Bohnert, M. (2016). Searching for biological traces on different materials using a forensic light source and infrared photography. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130(3), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1283-2

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using different types of light sources to identify evidence and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Virkler, K., &Lednev, I. K. (2009). Analysis of body fluids for forensic purposes: From laboratory testing to non-destructive rapid confirmatory identification at a crime scene. Forensic Science International, 188(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.013

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about presumptive identification of biological evidence and the impact on laboratory testing and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week.

Supplemental Materials

Executive Office of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. (2016, September). Report to the president: Forensic science in criminal courts: Ensuring scientific validity of feature-comparison methods (Links to an external site.)[PCAST report]. Retrieved from https://www.innocenceproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/PCAST-2017-update.pdf

  • This report provides information about crime scene investigation and may assist you in your Preserving Evidence discussion forum as well as the The Difference Between Preliminary Field and Laboratory Testing assignment this week. You may consider reviewing Section 5: Evaluation of Scientific Validity for Seven Feature-Comparison Methods.
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Federal Bureau of Investigation, Laboratory Division. (2013). Handbook of forensic services (Links to an external site.) [Handbook]. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/handbook-of-forensic-services-pdf.pdf/view

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Required Resources

Text

Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, A. K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/

  • Chapter 5: Forensic Toxicology
  • Chapter 10: Blood and Other Biological Fluid
  • Chapter 11: DNA Analysis

Book

Shelton, D. E. (2012). Forensic science evidence: Can the law keep up with science? Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com

  • The full-text version of this e-book is available through the Ebook Central database in the Ashford University Library. This e-book provides information about current legal standards and the challenges posed by how quickly science is evolving and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment. You may consider reviewing the following chapters:
    • Chapter 3: Admissibility Foundation Questions – The Daubert Trilogy
    • Chapter 5: Pretrial Forensic Issue

Articles

Alberts,  J. (2015). Surrogate testimony after Williams: A new answer to the question of who may testify regarding the contents of a laboratory report. Indiana Law Journal, 90(441), 441–463. Retrieved from http://ilj.law.indiana.edu/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the Williams v. Illinois(1970) case law and how it applies to admissibility of scientific evidence and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Amato, D. (2017). What happens if autopsy reports are found testimonial?: The next steps to ensure the admissibility of these critical documents in criminal trials. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 107(2), 293–323. Retrieved from https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about case law regarding the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment and how it applies to admissibility of scientific evidence and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Bitzer,  S., Ribaux, O., Albertini, N., &Delémont, O. (2016). To analyse a trace or not? Evaluating the decision-making process in the criminal investigation. Forensic Science International, 262, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.022

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the decision-making process of handling evidence and determining which items are tested and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Hamirani, M., Dror, I. E., & Morgan, R. M. (2017/2018). Examining the role of science in the courtroom: admissibility and reliability of forensic science in the courtroom. Albany Law Review, 81(3), 975–994. Retrieved from http://www.albanylawreview.org/Pages/home.aspx

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the Gale Business Insights Global database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the admissibility requirements of forensic evidence and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Silverman, V. J. (2011). Testing the testimonial doctrine: The impact of Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts on state-level criminal prosecutions and procedure. Boston University Law Review, 91(789), 789–832. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts (2009) case law and how it applies to admissibility of scientific evidence and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Multimedia

Breitenmoser, K. (Director), Boulton-Gregson, P. (Producer), & Collins, C. (Writer). (2007). Forensic science in action: From crime scene to courtroom  [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database.

  • The full version of this video is available through the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library. This video provides information about how forensic science is used during the investigation and trial and will assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the written The Science of Evidence assignment. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. Please be sure to review Segment 6. Forensics: Examination of the Victim03:25.
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Recommended Resources

Book

Li, R. (2012). Forensic serology. In L. F. Kobilinsky (Ed.), Forensic chemistry handbook (269–290). Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com

  • The full-text version of this e-Book is available through the Ebook Central database in the Ashford University Library. This e-book provides information about the scientific processes used in the crime laboratory and may assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment. You may consider reviewing the following chapters:
    • Chapter 1: Forensic Environmental Chemistry
    • Chapter 2: Principles and Issues in Forensic Analysis of Explosives
    • Chapter 4: Forensic Examination of Soils
    • Chapter 5: Analysis of Paint Evidence
    • Chapter 6: Analysis Techniques Used for the Forensic Examination of Writing and Printing Inks
    • Chapter 8: Forensic Serology

Articles

Gurman, S. (2017, August 7). DOJ revives effort looking at forensic evidence (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/police-products/investigation/forensic-supplies/articles/391886006-DOJ-revives-effort-looking-at-forensic-evidence/

  • This article provides information about current evaluations and efforts to strengthen forensic evidence and may assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.
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Harvard Law Review. (2018). Leading cases. Harvard Law Review, 132(277), 277–461. Retrieved from https://harvardlawreview.org/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the case law addressing admissibility requirements of forensic evidence and may assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Morrison, J., Watts, G., Hobbs, G., &Dawnay, N. (2018). Field-based detection of biological samples for forensic analysis: Established techniques, novel tools, and future innovations. Forensic Science International, 285, 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.002

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the admissibility requirements of forensic evidence and may assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment.

Multimedia

Breitenmoser, K. (Director), Boulton-Gregson, P. (Producer), & Collins, C., (Writer). (2007). All about forensic science [Streaming video]. Retrieved from Films on Demand database.

  • The full version of this video is available through the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library. This video provides information about how forensic science is used during the investigation and trial and may assist you in your How the Evidence Changed Everything discussion forum and the The Science of Evidence assignment. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. You may consider reviewing the following segments

Web Page

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (n.d.). Strengthening forensic science in the United States: A path forward (2009) (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12589/strengthening-forensic-science-in-the-united-states-a-path-forward

  • You will need to create a free account to download this free resource on this web page. This resource provides information about forensic science disciplines, efforts to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application and may assist you in your The Science of Evidence assignment this week. You may consider reviewing the following sections:
    • Section 3: The Admission of Forensic Science Evidence in Litigation Law and Science
    • Section 9: Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems: Current and Future Needs
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Required Resources

Articles

Berger, M. A. (2006). The impact of DNA exonerations on the criminal justice system. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 34(2), 320–327. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00037.x

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using new DNA science to exonerate individuals previously convicted of violent crimes and will assist you in your What Is Old is New discussion forum this week.

Davis, R. C., Jensen, C., Kuykendall, L., & Gallagher, K. (2015). Policies and practices in cold cases: an exploratory study. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 38(4), 610–630. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-10-2014-0107

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the policies that govern cold case investigations and will assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Heurich, C. (2008, July). Cold cases: Resources for agencies, resolution for families (Links to an external site.). NIJ Journal, 260. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/260/pages/cold-case-resources.aspx

Multimedia

National Institute of Justice. (2017, October 2). Just wrong: The aftermath of wrongful convictions (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/jF52Pp2Knr4

  • This video chronicles the experiences of individuals exonerated after spending years in prison for crimes they did not commit as well as the experiences of crime victims affected by a wrongful conviction and will assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript.
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Sacramento County District Attorney’s Office. (2018, September 28). Power of forensic DNA & technology in cold case prosecutions – Justice Journal episode 1 (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/BPD-HC2KBl8

Web Pages

Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. (2012, July 16). Cold case investigations and forensic DNA (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/investigations/cold-case/Pages/welcome.aspx

The United States Department of Justice. (2018, October 18). Cold case initiative (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/crt/cold-case-initiative

Supplemental Material

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (2002, July). Using DNA to solve cold cases (Links to an external site.) [Special report]. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/194197.pdf

  • This report provides information about evolving DNA science and the impact on cold case investigations and will assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.
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Recommended Resources

Articles

Clayton, E. W., Halverson, C. M., Sathe, N. A., &Malin, B. A. (2018). A systematic literature review of individuals’ perspectives on privacy and genetic information in the United States. PLoS ONE, 13(10), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204417

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using publicly available genetic data bases for criminal investigations and contrasting privacy concerns and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Guerrini, C. J., Robinson, J. O., Petersen, D., & McGuire, A. L. (2018). Should police have access to genetic genealogy databases? Capturing the Golden State Killer and other criminals using a controversial new forensic technique. PLoS Biology, 16(10), 1–9. https://doi.org//10.1371/journal.pbio.2006906

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using publicly available genetic databases for criminal investigations and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Hughes, J. A., & Jonas, M. (2015). Time and crime: Which cold-case investigations should be reheated? Criminal Justice Ethics, 34(1), 18–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/0731129X.2015.1025505

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about cold case investigations and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum this week.

Imwinkelried, E. J. (2018). The best insurance against miscarriages of justice caused by junk science: An admissibility test that is scientifically and legally sound. Albany Law Review, 81(3), 851–875. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3035644

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about standards used to evaluate the validity of evidence and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Saey, T. H. (2018, June 23). Genetic genealogy could solve crimes. Science News, 193(11), 11. Retrieved from https://www.sciencenews.org/

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the use of publicly available genetic databases for criminal investigations and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Strom, K. J., Hickman, M. J., &Ropero-Miller, J. D. (2011). Evidence retention policies in U.S. law enforcement agencies: Implications for unsolved cases and postconviction DNA testing. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27(2), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986211405835

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the SAGE Research Methods database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the impact of evidence retention, as new technology becomes available to test old evidence, and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum this week.

Timaru Herald. (2018, August 29). Science in the courtroom. The Timaru Herald. Retrieved from https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the Newspaper Source Plus database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about using forensic science in trials and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Zakirova, I. (2017/2018). Forensic evidence in wrongful conviction cases: From being a right-hand man to becoming a snake in the grass. Albany Law Review, 81(3), 877–894. Retrieved from http://www.albanylawreview.org/Pages/home.aspx

  • The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the evolving use of forensic science in trial and the repercussions of bad science in wrongful conviction cases and may assist you in your What Is Old Is New discussion forum and the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper this week.

Multimedia

DeNooyer, R. (Producer, Director, & Writer), & Tiffany, S. (Producer). (2013). Cold case JFK. [Streaming video]. In P. S. Apsell (Executive Producer), Nova. Retrieved from the Films on Demand database.

Web Page

Schuster, B. (2008, July 15). Cold cases: Strategies explored at NIJ regional training (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/260/pages/cold-case-strategies.aspx

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