Examine the underlying theoretical principles of developmentally appropriate practices applied to a variety of early childhood programs.

Examine the underlying theoretical principles of developmentally appropriate practices applied to a variety of early childhood programs.

BEGINNINGS AND BEYOND: FOUNDATIONS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, 10TH EDITION

Ann Miles Gordon

Kathryn Williams Browne

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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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TYPES OF PROGRAMS

Chapter 2

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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

LO1 Examine the underlying theoretical principles of developmentally appropriate practices applied to a variety of early childhood programs.
LO2 Describe the core programs of early childhood education, program types, and their defining philosophies.
LO3 Identify the variation of program options and range of delivery systems that impact the lives of children and their families.
LO4 Assess early childhood programs utilizing indicators of quality early childhood practices that support all children, including those with diverse characteristics.
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE PRACTICE

Also known as DAP

Stresses the need for:

Activity-based learning environments
based on child development research
and what we observe of children’s individual interests, abilities, and needs
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

THREE CORE CONCEPTS OF DAP

Decisions based on

What is known about child development and learning

What is known about each child as an individual

What is known about the social and cultural contexts in which children live

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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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FIGURE 2-1 THERE ARE A VARIETY OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS TO FIT THE NEEDS OF CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES.

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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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GUIDELINES FOR DAP

1) Creating a Caring Community of Learners

2) Teaching to Enhance Development and Learning

3) Planning Curriculum to Achieve Important Goals

4) Assessing Children’s Development and Learning

5) Establishing Reciprocal Relationships with Families

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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DEVELOPMENTALLY AND CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE PRACTICES (DCAP)

Culturally appropriate practice: the ability to go beyond one’s own sociocultural background to ensure equal and fair teaching and learning experiences for all
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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EARLY CHILDHOOD CORE PROGRAMS (SLIDE 1 OF 2)

Factors that determine types of programs:
Ages of the children
Philosophical, theoretical, or theological ideals
Goals of the program
Purpose of the program
Requirements of the sponsoring agency
Quality and training of teachers
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EARLY CHILDHOOD CORE PROGRAMS (SLIDE 1 OF 2)

Factors that determine types of programs continued:
Shape, size, and location of the physical environment
Cultural, ethnic, economic, and social makeup of the community
Financial stability
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SPECIAL PROGRAM FEATURES

Mixed-Age Groupings
Dewey, Piaget, Gardner, Vygotsky
Looping: Continuity of Care
Waldorf, Reggio Emilia, Montessori
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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TRADITIONAL NURSERY SCHOOL/PRESCHOOL

Actively explore materials
Centers organized based on development and interests
Ages 2½ to 5
Katherine Read Baker’s The Nursery School: A Human Relationships Laboratory
Comenius
Locke
Rousseau
Pestalozzi
Froebel
Montessori
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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FIGURE 2-2 A SAMPLE SCHEDULE FOR TRADITIONAL HALF-DAY NURSERY SCHOOLS IS THE CORE OF EARLY EDUCATION PROGRAMS.

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Half-Day Schedule
9:00 Children arrive at school
9:00–9:45 Free play (indoors)
9:45 Cleanup
10:00 Singing time (large group)
10:15–10:30 Toileting/snack time (small group)
10:30–11:30 Free play (outdoors)
11:30 Cleanup
11:45 Story time
12:00 Children leave for home
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TRADITIONAL NURSERY SCHOOL/PRESCHOOL

The Role of the Teacher
Individual attention to each student
Personal, warm relationships
Small teacher-child ratio
Observation and direct interaction
Universal Preschools
Public pre-K
English learners or low income students
Promotes school readiness
Full-Day Child Care
Caretaking activities, play, and learning
Private and public
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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CENTER-BASED CHILD CARE

Scheduling
Activities and naps
Experiences outside of school
Licensing
Fulfilling legal requirements
No national standards
Staffing
Parenting side of teaching
Morning and afternoon shifts
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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FAMILY CHILD CARE HOMES

Advantages
Family-style setting
Flexible hours
Challenges
Many homes are unregulated
Providers can feel isolated
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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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HEAD START

Comprehensive—whole child
Parent participation and involvement
Services to families
Community collaboration
Multicultural/multiracial education
Inclusion of children with special needs
Ecology of the family
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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EARLY HEAD START

1. High quality
2. Prevention of developmental concerns/promotion of healthy development
3. Pos. relationships
4. Parent involvement
5. Inclusion
6. Culture
7. Comprehensiveness, flexibility, responsiveness, and intensity in response to needs
8. Smooth transition into HS
9. Collaboration with communities

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