Ashford 6: – Week 5 – Final Exam
Final Exam
Instructor’s Guidance Info
Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:
Also, it is very well explained under Week 5, but do pay attention to each and every word in the directions. Details are important.
Part I: Essay Questions
1. Essay 1
2. Essay 2
3. Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Part I: Essay Questions
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.
Essay 2
A researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.
For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a correlation study.
· Evaluate the correlation result and identify the strength of the correlation.
· Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.
· Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.
Your essay response must address the following questions:
· How strong is this correlation?
o Is this a positive or negative correlation?
o What does this correlation mean?
· Does this correlation imply that individuals with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages (GPA)?
· Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA to go higher?
o What other variables might be influencing this relationship?
· What is the connection between correlation and causation?
· What are some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation?
· Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?
o If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?
Essay 3
A researcher has recorded the reaction times of 20 individuals on a memory assessment. The following table indicates the individual times:
2.2
4.7
7.3
4.1
9.5
15.2
4.3
9.5
2.7
3.1
9.2
2.9
8.2
7.6
3.5
2.5
9.3
4.8
8.5
8.1
In this essay, demonstrate your ability to organize data into meaningful sets, calculate basic descriptive statistics, interpret the results, and evaluate the effects of outliers and changes in the variables. You may use Excel, one of the many free online descriptive statistics calculators, or calculate the values by hand and/or with a calculator.
Next, separate the data into two groups of 10; one group will be the lower reaction times, and the second group will be the higher reaction times. Then, address the following points in your essay response:
· Calculate the sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis for each group.
· How do the two groups differ?
· Are there any outliers in either data group?
· What effect does an outlier have on a sample?
Lastly, double each sample by repeating the same 10 data points in each group. You will have a total of 20 data points for each group. After completing this, address the following in your essay response:
· Calculate the following for the new data groups: sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis.
· Did any of the values change?
· How does sample size affect those values?
Part II: Research Study Critique
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Part B:
In this second portion of the Final Exam, you will identify and critically evaluate a quantitative research article based on a social science topic. Your selected article must include a research question(s) and/or hypothesis(es) and utilize statistical analyses covered in the course. The article must be peer-reviewed and published within the last 10 years.
In the body of your critique, describe the statistical approaches used, the variables included, the hypothesis(es) proposed, and the interpretation of the results. In your conclusion, suggest other statistical approaches that could have been used and, if appropriate, suggest alternative interpretations of the results. This process will allow you to apply the concepts learned throughout the course in the interpretation of actual scientific research. Your critique must include the following sections:
1. Introduction: This section will include a general introduction of the quantitative study from a peer-reviewed source published within the last 10 years. The research questions and/or hypothesis(es) as well as the purpose of the study should be clearly defined.
2. Methods: Describe and evaluate the procedures and methods of data collection, measures/instruments used, the participants and how they were selected, and the statistical techniques used.
3. Results: In this section describe and critique the results presented in the study.
4. Discussion: Discuss and evaluate the efficacy of the results presented in the study. Address, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the study, and suggest future research directions. Include additional forms of statistical analyses as part of the suggestions for future research.
The Research Study Critique:
1. Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Use 12-point font, with 1-inch margins.
2. Must use the sections and headings described above.
3. Must address the article with critical thought by examining, reflecting, and evaluating the article from an objective viewpoint and by using facts to support your argument. Refer to the Critical Thinking Community website for further assistance.
4. Must end with a conclusion that summarizes your critical evaluation.
5. Must use one quantitative research study from a peer-reviewed source that was published within the last 10 years.
6. Must properly cite the source article in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
7. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
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