Plant Biology Question: To study the brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction pathway, you identify mutation.. (reference picture)
1.To study the brassinosteroid (BR) signal transductionpathway, you identify mutations that affect the ability ofBR to induce stem elongation. You identify fourrecessive mutations designated b, r, a, and s.MutationMutant PhenotypeObservationsbInsensitive to BRB encodes a BR binding proteinrConstitutive BR responseR encodes a protein with sequencesimilarity to a Raf kinaseaInsensitive to BRA encodes a transcription factorSConstitutive BR responseS protein binds promoter of gene ArsConstitutive BR responseabInsensitive to BRarInsensitive to BRasInsensitive to BRBased on all of the information, describe the order in which B,R, A, and S operate in the signal transduction pathway.Describe how the signal transduction pathway operate in thepresence and absence of BR. Explain your answer.
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- Question 1 1. Select the lobe of the brain in which the Nucleus Accumbens is located. A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 2 1. Select the lobe of the brain in which the Ventral Tegmentum Area (VTA) is located. https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 3 1. Select the lobe in which the Prefrontal Cortex is located. A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 4 1. Select the lobe in which the Substantia Nigra is located. This is a Latin term which means a black-like substance because the neurons appear black-like. A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 5 1. Select the lobe in which the Striatum is located. The striatum has stripes in the neurons. https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# The Temporal Lobe The Parietal Lobe The Occipital Lobe The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 6 1. Select the lobe in which the hippocampus is located. This is not shown on the chart above. A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 7 1. Using the diagram above to assist you, select the group of neurons that enable the brain to make, actually produce the neurotransmitter, dopamine in the brain reward pathway. A. Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) B. Amygdala C. Prefrontal Cortex D. Cortex 1 points Question 8 1. Using the diagram above to assist you with your memory, select the group of neurons that enable the brain to make, actually produce the neurotransmitter, dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# A. Cortex B. Nucleus Accumbens C. Prefrontal Cortex D. Substantia Nigra 1 points Question 9 1. Use the diagram above to decide which of the following parts of the brain or neuroanatomic substrates is most associated with Parkinson’s disease? A group of neurons called the basal ganglia (BG) is involved. A. Pons B. Cortex C. Prefrontal Cortex https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Substantia Nigra 1 points Question 10 1. Which lobe of the brain is associated most with VISION? A. The Temporal Lobe B. The Parietal Lobe C. The Occipital Lobe D. The Frontal Lobe 1 points Question 11 1. The midbrain is also called the mesencephalon. Locate the midbrain from the following selection. https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# A. Temporal Lobe B. Cortex to the Forehead C. Frontal Lobe D. Parietal Lobe 1 points Question 12 1. A young lady by the name of Marion was simply enjoying a birthday party with friends when she experienced a feeling of reward that was unexpectedly frightening. Marion became high on something that was unknown to her. Using the diagram shown in the diagram above, select the neuroanatomic substrate or brain part where this brain reward feeling may have started. This signal started at the bottom part of the brain reward pathway. A. Cortex B. Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) C. Pons https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Cerebellum 1 points Question 13 1. The Prefrontal Cortex is located in which part and section of the brain. A. Hippocampus in the Temporal Lobe. B. The Cortex in the Frontal Lobe. C. The Nucleus Accumbens in the Temporal Lobe. D. The Pons in the Brain Stem. 1 points Question 14 1. Which of the following neurotransmitters is the neurotransmitter most involved in decision making for taking marijuana. A. Saline B. Serotonin https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# C. Glutamate D. Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 1 points Question 15 1. Select the pathway that is known as the brain reward pathway. A. Mesocorticolimbic pathway B. Hypothalamic pathway C. Both of the above D. Parietal pathway 1 points Question 16 1. According to the Theory of Brain Reward that comes from an image in the Prefrontal Cortex, select from the following group of neuroanatomic substrates (brain parts) that shows the CORRECT order for the pathway of the brain reward signal. https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# A. Prefrontal Cortex to the Nucleus Accumbens to the Ventral Tegmental Area. B. Prefrontal Cortex to the Parietal Lobe to the Ventral Tegmental Area. C. Prefrontal Cortex to the striatum to the Ventral Tegmental Area. D. Prefrontal Cortex to the pons to the Ventral Tegmental Area. 1 points Question 17 1. According to the image of reward coming from the Prefrontal Cortex Theory of Brain Reward, select from the following choices, the lobe the brain that is most associated with brain reward. A. Parietal Lobe B. Frontal Lobe C. Occipital Lobe https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Occipital and Parietal 1 points Question 18 1. Dopamine is made or synthesized (made from) which of the following compounds? A. L-DOPA B. L-Tryptophan C. Monoamine Amine Oxidase D. Norepinephrine 1 points Question 19 1. Drug Abuse and Addiction is most associated with stimulation of which of the following neurotransmitters? A. Dopamine in the Ventral Tegmental Pathway https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# B. Dopamine in the Substantia Nigra Pathway C. Saline in the Ventral Tegmental Pathway D. Saline in the Substantia Nigra Pathway 1 points Question 20 1. Neurons release neurotransmitters to perform a certain task necessary for the proper functioning of the brain, body and blood. Certain medicines that block the neurotransmitter, serotonin, from going back into the synapse, are able to cause more serotonin in the brain. Select from the following list, two antidepressants that keep serotonin in the synapse helping to relieve depression. A. Prosac® and Zoloft® B. Xanax® and Ecstasy C. Saline and alcohol https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Alcohol and sugar 1 points Question 21 1. Photographic memory is located in which of the following? A. The right hippocampus B. The left hippocampus C. The striatum D. The pons in the auditory pathway 1 points Question 22 1. From the following list, select the smallest scientific technology to study the brain of a living person. A. MRI B. CAT https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# C. PET D. BRODERICK PROBE® 1 points Question 23 1. The chronic use of one drug inducing a tolerance effect with regard to a second drug that has never been used before is named a certain kind of drug interaction. Choose from the following list, the name of this drug interaction. A. Tolerance B. Cross Tolerance C. Dependence D. Addiction 1 points Question 24 1. When one drug acts to double the effects of another, this effect is https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# termed, A. Cross Tolerance B. Addition C. Antagonism D. None of the above 1 points Question 25 1. When one drug acts to multiply the effects of another, this effect is termed, A. Additive B. Synergis m C. Potentiati on https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Antagoni sm 1 points Question 26 1. Which of the following parts of the brain is most associated with brain reward? A. Nucleus Accumbens B. Striatum C. Hypothalamus D. Substantia Nigra 1 points Question 27 1. Which of the following medications is a primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease? A. L-DOP A https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# B. Dynorp hin C. Saline D. Prosac ® 1 points Question 28 1. Which of the following neurochemical or precursor makes the neurotransmitter, serotonin? A. L-Tryptop han B. Dynorphin C. Ethanol D. Prosac® 1 points Question 29 1. When two drugs or medicines are present in the brain at the same https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# time, an interaction may occur. Choose from the following list, the drug interaction that occurs when one drug blocks the action of the other drug. A. Additive B. Synergis m C. Potentiati on D. Antagoni sm 1 points Question 30 1. A medication that can be administered for cardiovascular reasons sublingually is, A. Nitroglyce rin B. Saline https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# C. Caffeine D. Xanax® 1 points Question 31 1. Brain anatomy is divided into two hemispheres, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. Select the hemisphere in which the photographic memory is located. A. Left hemisphere B. Right hemisphere C. Both hemispheres D. Neither hemisphere 1 points Question 32 1. Select from the following choices, the lobe anatomy of the brain that https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# is responsible for photographic memory. A. Frontal lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Occipital lobe D. Parietal lobe 1 points Question 33 1. The ability to remember faces is due to which hemisphere of the brain? A. Right Hemisphere B. Left Hemisphere https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# C. Both Hemispheres D. Neither Hemisphere 1 points Question 34 1. The ability to perform mathematical function is due to which hemisphere of the brain? A. Right Hemisphere B. Left Hemisphere C. Both Hemispheres D. Neither Hemisphere 1 points Question 35 1. Musical talent is generally associated with functioning in which of the https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# following hemispheres? A. Right Hemisphere B. Left Hemisphere C. Both Hemispheres D. Neither Hemispheres 1 points Question 36 1. Which one of the following routes of administration of a drug or medicine does NOT occur by injecting the drug or medicine into the body to enter the brain? A. Smoking B. Intravenous C. Subcutane ous https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# D. Intramuscul ar 1 points Question 37 1. Oral administration of a drug is performed by which of the following methods? A. Subcutaneous B. Intravenous C. Mouth, also in Latin, called per os D. Sublingual 1 points Question 38 1. A common way to inhale cocaine is through absorption through a membrane. Which method describes this route of administration of a drug or medicine? A. Sublingual https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# B. Intramusc ular C. Intravenou s D. Intranasal 1 points Question 39 1. Sometimes a drug or medicine can reach the brain faster when it is injected into a vein for entrance into the brain. Which of the following routes of administration describes this method? A. Subcutane ous B. Sublingual C. Intravenous D. Intranasal 1 points https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# Question 40 1. This course, Introduction to the Neurobiological Aspects of Drugs of Abuse has a focus. Select from the following list, the CORRECT answer. A. Principles involved in drug addiction and the mechanisms by which these issues may be ameliorated and medicines for brain diseases are involved in these issues. The Syllabus and the Schedule show the focus of this Course information. B. Principles involved in drug addiction and the mechanisms by which these issues may be ameliorated. The Course does not involve medicines for brain diseases. C. Principles involved in drug addiction and the mechanisms by which these issues may be ameliorated. The Course does not involve medicines for brain diseases. The focus is written in the first line of your Schedule for classes. D. Principles involved in drug addiction and the mechanisms by which these issues may be ameliorated. The Course does involve medicines for brain diseases. The focus is https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_1383339_1&course_id=_1800525_1&content_id=_45395770_1&step=null# written in the first line of your Schedule for classes. This information is not in your Syllabus.