Case Study: Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome
Case Study: Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic SyndromeA 48-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency room. Her family states shehas been ill for 5 days with vomiting and diarrhea. She has been unable to takefluids for the past 2 days. She has no past major medical problems. Familyhistory is positive for type 2 diabetes in her mother and sister. She takes nomedications.On physical examination:BP 110/80, P 96, R 22, BMI 34Skin: dry with decreased turgorHEENT: oral mucous membranes are dryLungs: clear to auscultationHeart: regular rhythm with no murmurAbdomen: soft bowel sounds present, no massesOn admission, the following laboratory tests were done:Fasting blood sugar 250Total cholesterol 265Triglycerides 185High Density Lipoprotein 35UrineSpecific gravity 1.028Ketones positiveThe physician made a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.1. Reviewing the above history, physical examination, and laboratory data, whichof the findings support the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?2. This is a new diagnosis for the patient and the nurse in her teaching needs todescribe the pathophysiology of the disease. Provide a description of theimportant information that should be included.
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