Cyber-Terrorism
There is not a consensus on one definition of cyber-terrorism but they all focus on that it invokes fear. A 2008 NATO document defines cyber-terrorism as: “a cyber-attack using or exploiting computer or communication networks to cause sufficient destruction to generate fear or intimidate a society into an ideological goal.”Another definition from the National Information Protection Center (NIPC) that exists within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is: “a criminal act perpetrated through computers resulting in violence, death and/or destruction, and creating terror for the purpose of coercing a government to change its policies.”
The similarities between the two definitions is that cyber-terrorism’s motive is to invoke fear to intimidate a society into changing for the purpose of an ideological goal. For example, if a terrorist group was to hack government officials’ personal emails, access contact information and other Personal Identifiable Information (PII) and put this data available online for the world to see and threaten to do so to other officials if they do not change the current National clean water policies.
Cyber- Crime
Cyber-crime is different in that its motive is for personal gain. Cyber-crime has also been defined by various organizations and groups, one definition is that cyber- crime is: “Cyber-crime is a term for any illegal activity that uses a computer as its primary means of commission. The U.S. Department of Justice expands the definition of cyber-crime to include any illegal activity that uses a computer for the storage of evidence This definition is unique in that it defines the crime as the vector being the computer and that the computer is a storage device. This is unique because other definitions focus not on the computer but on the networks.Other definitions focus on the networks as the means for the motive
Cyber warfare involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to attack and attempt to damage another nation’s computers or information networks through, for example, computer viruses or denial-of-service attacks. RAND research provides recommendations to military and civilian decisionmakers on methods of defending against the damaging effects of cyber warfare on a nation’s digital infrastructure.
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