Managerial accounting | Accounting homework help

QUESTION 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Managerial accounting must conform to which of the following standards?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Internal Revenue Service tax code
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
None of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following mathematical expressions best describes a mixed cost?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Y = bX
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Y = a
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Y = a + bX
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Y = ai
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The introduction of production technology to replace labor in a manufacturing process would likely result in which of the following?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in fixed cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in general and administrative expenses.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in direct labor hours.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A decrease in contribution margin.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in volume within the relevant range will cause:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unit fixed costs to increase.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unit variable costs to decrease.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed costs to stay the same.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable costs to decrease.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following is one of the three major components of product costs?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Manufacturing overhead
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketing costs related to specific products
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following would be classified as a fixed selling and administrative cost?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales Commissions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation on office equipment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation on factory equipment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wages of production supervisor
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the following equation for total cost, Y = a + bX, “a” represents which of the following?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Managerial accounting is primarily focused on:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing information for internal and external users
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing general purpose financial statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing special-purpose information and reports
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Following generally accepted accounting principles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Examples of activity cost drivers include all of the following except:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inspecting incoming raw materials
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Machine time spent working on a product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deciding how to arrange raw materials inventory within the warehouse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receiving (loading) raw materials into the warehouse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following information pertains to Marvolo, Inc.:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling price per unit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$100
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable costs per unit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$75
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$425,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The sales volume required to obtain a target after-tax profit of $108,000 is:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,000 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,572 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24,200 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20,000 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The scatter diagram method of cost estimation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uses only the high and low data points
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Is superior to other methods in its ability to distinguish between discretionary and committed fixed costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Requires the use of judgment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provides a measure of the goodness of fit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What is the purpose for using predetermined overhead rates?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Delays in product costing can be avoided
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variation in cost assignment due to seasonality can be prevented
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variation in cost assignment due to short-term variations in volume can be prevented
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Use of predetermined overhead rates serves all the above purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following aspects of manufacturing must be understood in order to implement activity based costing in a production setting?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The production process
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The activities that occur in the production process must be known
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cost drivers that generate activities within the production process
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Determine the unit break-even point, assuming fixed costs are $60,000 per period, variable costs are $16.00 per unit, and the sales price is $25.00 per unit.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,667
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 15
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total contribution margin is calculated by subtracting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total manufacturing costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 16
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wesley’s income statement is as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales (10,000 units)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$150,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less variable costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-48,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contribution margin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$102,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less fixed costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-24,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$78,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If sales increase by 1,000 units, profits will:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by $12,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by $10,200
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by $4,800
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by $8,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 17
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The introduction of production technology to replace labor in a manufacturing process would likely result in which of the following?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A shift in costs from variable costs to fixed costs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A shift in costs from fixed costs to variable costs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in total manufacturing costs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An increase in employment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial accounting is primarily focused on:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing the Internal Revenue Service with information to determine the amount of taxes owed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing investors with useful information for valuing securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Providing information for internal users
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
None of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 19
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
When finished goods are sold, there is an increase in which of the following accounts?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Goods Sold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Goods Manufactured
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finished Goods Inventory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Work-in-Process
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 20
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As volume increases, which of the following statements is not correct?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable cost per unit will remain the same.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed will remain the same.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average cost per unit will increase.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable costs will increase.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 21
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Peoria Corporation reported the following on their contribution format income statement:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales (12,000 units)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$350,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less: variable expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
200,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contribution margin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$150,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less: fixed expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
125,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$25,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What is the contribution margin ratio?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38.57%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42.86%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
57.14%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.30%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 22
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chattanooga, Inc. has two categories of overhead: maintenance and inspection. Costs expected for these categories for the coming year are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maintenance
$800,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inspection 400,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following data have been assembled for use in developing a bid for a proposed job:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct materials
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$6,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct labor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$16,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Machine-hours
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of inspections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct labor-hours
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
800
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total estimate for machine-hours for all jobs during the year is 25,000, and for inspections is 800. These are the cost drivers for maintenance and inspection costs, respectively
Using the appropriate cost drivers, the total cost of the potential job is:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$22,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$62,800
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$33,600
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$36,800
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 23
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following information pertains to Oliwander’s 2014 operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling price per unit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$50
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable costs per unit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$20
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$110,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oliwander’s break-even point in units is:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,000 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,333 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,667 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60,000 units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 24
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Chateau Company manufactures 4,000 telephones per year. The full manufacturing costs per telephone are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct materials
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct labor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable manufacturing overhead
 
 
 
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average fixed manufacturing overhead
 
 
 
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Quick Assembly Company has offered to sell Chateau 4,000 telephones for $31 per unit. If Chateau accepts the offer, $20,000 of fixed overhead will be eliminated. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chateau should:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Make the telephones; the savings is $4,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buy the telephones; the savings is $35,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buy the telephones; the savings is $24,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Make the telephones; the savings is $24,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 25
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct labor used in manufacturing digital cameras would best be classified as what type of cost?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mixed cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Step cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 26
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If a trucking company were operating at capacity, but had an opportunity to fill a one-time high volume special order, which of the following ramifications could occur?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lost revenues from regular customers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term revenue loss from customers who change service to competitors
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Questions from regular customers about commitment to service
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
eAll of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 27
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From a managerial accounting standpoint, which of the following areas of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) are most pertinent?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External auditing standards
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review of internal controls
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Codes of ethics for financial officers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Penalties for fraud
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 28
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future costs that differ among competing alternatives are:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Absorption costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Replacement costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable overhead costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 29
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
According to Michael Porter, which of the following is an example of cost leadership as a business strategy?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A regional beer brewer that caters to local tastes.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A glass manufacturer utilizing research and development to identify new applications for glass and ceramics.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An online bookseller utilizing efficient scale facilities and overhead cost control p.9.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A manufacturer focused on designing and building corporate jet aircraft.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity-based costing’s primary benefit is that it provides:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Absolutely accurate product costing information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data for external financial reporting purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
More precise cost data for internal decision-making purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 31
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The most appropriate cost driver for the activity of cleaning (bussing) tables in a restaurant is:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The number of cooks in the kitchen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The number of tables cleaned
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The number of employees assigned to the job of cleaning tables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The amount of money deposited to the bank each day
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 32
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cari German uses gas to heat her home. She has accumulated the following information regarding her monthly gas bill and monthly heating degree-days. The heating degree-days value for a month is found by first subtracting the average temperature for each day from 65 degrees and then summing these daily amounts together for the month.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Month
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Heating Degree-Days
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas Bill
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
February
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,900
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$254
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
600
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$101
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What will be the increase in Cari’s monthly gas bill per heating degree-day using the high-low method?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$0.33
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$0.12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$46.00
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$153.00
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 33
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the following are assumptions used in cost-volume-profit analysis, except:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All costs are classified as fixed or variable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total cost function is linear
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total revenue function is linear
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the above are assumptions used in cost-volume-profit analysis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin is calculated by subtracting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total manufacturing overhead costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed costs from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold from total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 35
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total contribution margin at the break-even point:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equals total fixed costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Is zero
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Is greater than total variable costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plus total fixed costs equal total revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 36
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Partially completed goods that are in the process of being converted into a finish product are defined as:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Work-in-process inventories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conversion inventories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Raw materials inventories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operational inventories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 37
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following is not included in work-in-process inventory?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct materials costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Applied manufacturing overhead
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct manufacturing labor costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales commissions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 38
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following procedures best describes activity-based costing?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All overhead costs are recorded as expenses as incurred.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overhead costs are assigned directly to products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overhead costs are assigned to activities; then costs are assigned to products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overhead costs are assigned to departments; then costs are assigned to products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 39
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The contribution margin ratio is:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The difference between price and variable cost per unit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The percentage difference between sales and cost of goods sold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The portion (or percent) of revenues available for covering fixed costs and providing a profit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The percentage difference between total revenues and total costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5 points   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 40
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Although adding more activity cost pools to an activity-based costing system may improve the precision of product costing, this increase in precision must be judged against:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cost of the product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The price of the product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cost of developing and maintaining the additional cost pools
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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