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In response to questions about the final section of your proposal, here is further clarification. 1.The due date is August 3 via the Turnitin link. Please check your SI score and if high let me know in advance. 2. First of all, think about a proposal as a process document which describe a research project that you would like to conduct. You have already identified the problem in the first assignment, the supporting literature in the second, and now you want to describe how, the method of data collection and analyses and reporting the results. Since you have already been graded on the first two, do not resubmit however you will need to consult them in order to have internal consistency in your full proposal. Here are some specific instructions 1. I would recommend including subheadings for each of the sections described in the course outline. 2. So, start with an introduction (one page) which will be a short summary of the first two pages that you submitted. You would include key references. Indicate the qualitative method that you plan to use for the study, ie. ethnography, GT etc and rationale. 3. The next subheading, participant selection (ie. source/location and sample universe and actual target sample) and recruitment will describe your sampling strategy, refer to this week′s forum discussion and the Robinson, 2014 paper. 4. Describe how you will protect participant rights, ie. concerns about research ethics 5. Data collection procedure includes the method for obtaining data such as interviews, observation and data management. 6. Describe how you ensure credible and trustworthy results but inclusion of data analyses is optional. 7. To who would you disseminate results? and what would be the new knowledge that has been gained ? Finally, this following quote aptly describes a quality proposal using qualitative methods: Winning qualitative proposals should convey the researcher’s talent for conceptualizing, synthesizing, imagining, and writing, and the ability to perform the kind of work promised. The grounded theory proposal should show the researcher’s ability to theorize; the phenomenological proposal, to engage in phenomenological reflection; and the ethnographic proposal, to interpret “culture.” (Sandelowksi and Barroso, 2003, p. 819)
Please read instruction for first page as to what is required in the introduction; not clear as to why you have included this content
Research design and method
The research methods, by definition, entail the tools and techniques used in doing the research (Willian, 2011). They are a range of tools used for the various types of inquiry, reasoning that a research is basically an inquiry or search of knowledge (Kothari, 2004). This section of the proposal presents an overview of these tools and how they will be methodically used to answer the research questions presented earlier on. It is important to emphasize on the nature of the research – it will involve an inquiry into the change management practices in the healthcare sector to establish its impacts, types of change, stakeholders, and implications among other aspects.
Research approach
A qualitative research approach will be used for this study owing to the fact that it will involve collection and analysis of qualitative data. A qualitative research has been hailed as the best way to explore various dimensions of social life, including the weave and texture of the everyday life of the society (Mason, 2002). Qualitative research can be defined as a systematic and empirical inquiry into meaning (Ospina, 2004). Since qualitative research involves both naturalistic and interpretive settings, it can be argued that qualitative researchers are concerned with studying the subjects in their natural settings as they try to make sense of, or interpret phenomena.
It is important to highlight the rationale behind the choice of a qualitative approach to this study. Firstly, the research involves studying a qualitative aspect – that is, change management and its impacts. The research will be seeking to study these organizations in their natural settings, as per the major characteristic of a qualitative approach, to interpret and understand the phenomenon of change management. The qualitative data sought by this research will include the types of changes experienced by these organizations and how they handle the changes and the change management process.
Research design
Need a rationale for why you have selected this design
An institutional ethnographic design will be adopted for this research. The ethnographic research is indeed a genre of qualitative research developed out the anthropological methodology (Shagrir, 2017). This type of research often seeks to investigate cultures and societies through the examination of the human, social ad interpersonal aspects. It is closely associated with the core qualitative methods of observation and interviewing. It is important to notice that ethnography can emerge and develop as a social science tool. The researcher in an ethnographic research is a social scientific observer. Other participants in an ethnography are the observed and the audience to whom the reports (in the form of text) are made (Naidoo, 2012).
The institutional ethnography methodology can simply be described as ethnographic practices in specific institutional contexts. According to Gerhard (2011), institutional ethnography is an inquiry method describing the institutional situations in detail, and analysing the actions and interpretations of the people make these situations recognizable in institutional contexts. As an institutional ethnography, this research will involve the researcher (or the scientific observer) interacting with the healthcare organizations or institutions to learn about the change management practices.
In this institutional ethnography approach, the researcher will keep his or her distance unless where there is a need for a one-on-one interview with various personnel of the organization. Much of the data collection for this design is collected through observation. In this method, a checklist of the researcher’s expectations and hypotheses will be used as the framework for data collection. The researcher will make the relevant notes to keep record of all observations related to the research. However, there are cases where it is not easy to observe what is being done, especially during closed door boardroom executive meetings where much of the change management decisions will be made. This means that the interview method will be of equal importance to the researcher.
The interviews will be conducted on a face-to-face basis where the institutional ethnographer will prepare a set of questions for the interviews. Open-ended questions are preferred because they allow the respondents to freely express themselves and provide as much information as possible. There are more than one occupations in a healthcare institution, and this means that the researcher will have to prepare a different set of questions for each occupation or level in the organizational hierarchy. These questions will be aligned with the primary theme of the research – that is, the change management practices and their implications. The interviews will be tape-recorded for reference.
Research procedure what does this mean?
The research procedure will be quite simple???. The researcher will first select the two organizations to study and establish a rapport with them, as well as gain consent and the necessary approvals required for this study. The researcher will develop a checklist of the observations and questions for the interviews. Planning and preparation for the research will then follow before the researcher can immerse him/herself further into the ethnographic study.
Sampling strategy? Need references
Research participants
The research participants, besides the researcher,?? will be the two organizations selected and their employees and management/leadership teams. The people??? with whom the researcher interacts with will be selected on convenience criteria, the rationale being that an organization with many employees might not be easy to make contacts and spend adequate time with each employee. The researcher’s interest is on the change management practices and their impacts on the various stakeholders, a select few of which the researcher will interact with to learn all that is necessary.
The targeted sample for this research will be 100 participants need rationale, this si too vague from the various levels of the organization. The nurses, being the greater focus of the research, will be allocated 40% of this figure. The physicians and line managers will be allocated another 40%, and the remaining 20% will go to the executives and top management. Stratified random sampling method will be used whereby the participants will be selected as per the three groups, and randomly selected until the desired figures are reached. Taking into account the voluntary nature of the research, rejected requests will be replaced by other requests until the researcher obtains a full 100 research participants.
Protection of participants
The protection of the participant will be facilitated through the researcher observing the various ethical principles in a research study. The researcher will make sure that the research inflicts no harm to the participants, psychological, physical, or emotional. The anonymity of the responses will be maintained and the researcher shall not link any employee or participant with any observation or interview response. The personal information of each participant shall not be disclosed to protect the privacy of the participants. Essentially, the researcher will protect the privacy of the participants. Lastly, the researcher will make sure to obtain consent of the participants before engaging them in any research activity. Vague, use research language please. What about ethics review?
Data collection =need rationale for each step; need references
Two methods of data collection will be used for this research – observations and interviews. Much of the data collection this design is collected through observation. In this method, a checklist of the researcher’s expectations and hypotheses will be used as the framework for data collection??. The researcher will make the relevant notes to keep record of all observations related to the research. However, there are cases where it is not easy to observe what is being done, especially during secluded boardroom executive meetings where much of the change management decisions will be made. This means that the interview method will be of equal importance to the researcher.
The interviews will be conducted on face-to-face basis where the institutional ethnographer will prepare a set of questions for the interviews. Open-ended questions are preferred because they allow the respondents to freely express themselves and provide as much information as possible. There are more than one occupations in a healthcare institution, and this means that the researcher will have to prepare a different set of questions for each occupation or level in the organizational hierarchy. These questions will be aligned with the primary theme of the research – that is, the change management practices and their implications. The interviews will be tape-recorded for reference.
Credibility
Credibility entails the truth of the data and/or the participant views, their interpretations and representation. The researcher will adopt various techniques to improve the research rigor. Firstly, the research will adhere to the research guidelines and ethics as prescribed. The researcher will also ensure that the findings are valid and reliable, how? What exactly will you do and this will mean overcoming various challenges like consistency. The researcher will give the research adequate time and resources, seek feedback where necessary, and work within a specified framework that keeps the study focused on achieving the research objectives. The credibility of the research will be achieved through demonstrating engagement, audit of trails and the methods of observation. Sections of the recorded interviews and original field notes will feature occasionally in the report as proof of the information collected.
Ensuring rigor
The researcher will adopt various techniques to improve the research rigor. Firstly, the research will adhere to the research guidelines and ethics standards and obtain the permission to conduct the study from the University and Research Ethics Committee as well as the hospital administrative team. The researcher will also ensure that the findings are valid and reliable, and this will mean overcoming various challenges like consistency. The researcher will give the research adequate time and resources, seek feedback where necessary, and work within a specified framework that keeps the study focused on achieving the required research objectives. The credibility of the research will be achieved through demonstrating engagement, audit trails and the methods of observation. Sections of the recorded interviews and original field notes will feature occasionally in the report as proof of the information collected.
Dissemination of findings vague, need more details
The dissemination of the findings will follow a simple procedure meaning what?. The researcher will first understand the audience of the findings and select the best tools and techniques for analysis and presentation that yields results which are understandable by the audience. The dissemination will be in the form of a research report addressed to these audiences that will highlight the aim of the research, the methods and procedures, and the results of the research.
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