Week 5 Worksheet
SPSS Week 5: ANCOVA
Download the data set divorce-studentversion.sav from this week’s resources. Review both the Data View and the Variable View to obtain a general understanding of the data.
This assignment will focus once again on life satisfaction and current family income. Based on a recent review of the literature, the researcher now has reason to believe the number of children is a possible confounding variable in the relationship between life satisfaction and current family income. Since the number of children is part of this data set, the researcher can use number of children as a covariant in an ANCOVA and mediate its impact as a possible confounding variable. In all of the analyses conducted in this assignment, be sure to select the option providing a measure of effect size (Eta) and the homogeneity test (Levene’s test).
Using the General Linear Model/univariate, conduct an ANCOVA to analyze the influence of current family income on life satisfaction with number of children as a co-variant.
Using scholarly writing and proper APA format, complete, and then submit the following:
Present one table showing the results of an ANCOVA based on current family income on life satisfaction with number of children as a co-variant, including Eta.
Provide a narrative discussion of the table, including effect size, the results of the Levene test, and the observed change in the F-value of current family income when the number of children was used as a co-variant.
Include an appendix that contains all SPSS output (copied and pasted) for the items above.
DATASET INFORMATION: https://studysites.sagepub.com/field4e/study/datasets.htm
Reporting Statistics in APA Style
Dr. Jeffrey Kahn, Illinois State University
The following examples illustrate how to report statistics in the text of a research report. You will note that significance levels in journal articles–especially in tables–are often reported as either “p > .05,” “p< .05,” “p < .01,” or “p < .001.” APA style dictates reporting the exact p value within the text of a manuscript (unless the p value is less than .001).
Please pay attention to issues of italics and spacing. APA style is very precise about these. Also, with the exception of some p values, most statistics should be rounded to two decimal places.
Mean and Standard Deviation are most clearly presented in parentheses:
The sample as a whole was relatively young (M = 19.22, SD = 3.45).The average age of students was 19.22 years (SD = 3.45).
Percentages are also most clearly displayed in parentheses with :
Nearly half (49%) of the sample was married.
Chi-Square statistics are reported with degrees of freedom and sample size in parentheses, the Pearson chi-square value (rounded to two decimal places), and the significance level:
The percentage of participants that were married did not differ by gender, c2(1, N = 90) = 0.89, p = .35.
T Tests are reported like chi-squares, but only the degrees of freedom are in parentheses. Following that, report the t statistic (rounded to two decimal places) and the significance level.
There was a significant effect for gender, t(54) = 5.43, p < .001, with men receiving higher scores than women.
ANOVAs (both one-way and two-way) are reported like the t test, but there are two degrees-of-freedom numbers to report. First report the between-groups degrees of freedom, then report the within-groups degrees of freedom (separated by a comma). After that report the F statistic (rounded off to two decimal places) and the significance level.
There was a significant main effect for treatment, F(1, 145) = 5.43, p = .02, and a significant interaction, F(2, 145) = 3.24, p = .04.
Correlations are reported with the degrees of freedom (which is N-2) in parentheses and the significance level:
The two variables were strongly correlated, r(55) = .49, p < .01.
Regression results are often best presented in a table. APA doesn’t say much about how to report regression results in the text, but if you would like to report the regression in the text of your Results section, you should at least present the unstandardized or standardized slope (beta), whichever is more interpretable given the data, along with the t-test and the corresponding significance level. (Degrees of freedom for the t-test is N-k-1 where k equals the number of predictor variables.) It is also customary to report the percentage of variance explained along with the corresponding F test.
Social support significantly predicted depression scores, b = -.34, t(225) = 6.53, p < .001. Social support also explained a significant proportion of variance in depression scores, R2 = .12, F(1, 225) = 42.64, p < .001.
Tables are useful if you find that a paragraph has almost as many numbers as words. If you do use a table, do also report the same information in the text. It’s either one or the other.
Based on: American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
https://studysites.sagepub.com/field4e/study/datasets.htm
Oct 15to me
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